HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Their object was to secure responsible Government through a representative cabinet, supported by and responsible to the people's elected representatives. A clause to this effect was inserted in the constitution, and subsequently enacted by law by the legislature, specifically covering the ground that in all matters concerning the state the sovereign was to act by and with the advice of the cabinet, and only by and with such advice. The King willingly agreed to such proposition, expressed regret for the past, and volunteered promises for the future. Almost from the date of such agreement and promises up to the time of his death, the history of the Government has been a continual struggle between the King on the one hand and the cabinet and legislature on the other, the former constantly endeavoring by every available form of influence and evasion to ignore his promises and agreements and regain his lost powers. This conflict upon several occasions came to a crisis, followed each time by submission on the part of His Majesty, by renewed expressions of regret and promises to abide by the constitutional and legal restrictions in the future. In each instance such promise was kept until a further opportunity presented itself, when the conflict was renewed in defiance and regardless of all previous pledges. Upon the accession of Her Majesty Liliuokalani, for a brief period the hope prevailed that new policy would be adopted. This hope was soon blasted by her immediately entering into conflict with the existing cabinet, who held office with the approval of a large majority of the legislature, resulting in the triumph of the Queen and the removal of the cabinet. The appointment of a new cabinet subservient to her wishes and their continuance in office until a recent date gave no opportunity for further indication of the policy which would be pursued by Her Majesty until the opening of the legislature in May of 1892. The recent history of that session has shown a stubborn determination on the part of Her Majesty to follow the tactics of her late brother and in all possible ways to secure an extension of the royal prerogatives and an abridgment of popular rights. During the latter part of the session the legislature was replete with corruption; bribery and other illegitimate influences were openly utilized to secure the desired end, resulting in the final complete overthrow of all opposition and the inauguration of a cabinet arbitrarily selected by Her Majesty in complete defiance of constitutional principles and popular representation. Notwithstanding such result the defeated party peacefully submitted to the situation. Not content with her victory Her Majesty proceeded on the last day of the session to arbitrarily arrogate to herself the right to promulgate a new constitution, which proposed, among other things, to disfranchise over one-fourth of the voters and the owners of nine- tenths of the private property of the Kingdom, to abolish the elected upper house of the legislature and to substitute in place thereof an appointive one, to be appointed by the Sovereign. The detailed history of this attempt and the succeeding events in connection therewith is given in the report of the committee of public safety to the citizens of Honolulu and the resolution adopted at the mass meeting held on the 16th instant, the correctness of which report and the propriety of which resolution is hereby specifically affirmed. The constitutional evolution indicated has slowly and steadily, though reluctantly and regretfully, convinced an overwhelming majority of the conservative and responsible members of the community that independent, constitutional, representative, and responsible government, able to protect itself from revolutionary uprisings and royal aggression, is no longer possible in Hawaii under the existing system of government. Five uprisings or conspiracies against the Government have occurred within five years and seven months. It is firmly believed that the culminating revolutionary attempt of last Saturday will, unless radical measures are taken, wreck our already damaged credit abroad and precipitate to final ruin our already overstrained financial condition; and the guaranties of protection to life, liberty, and property will steadily decrease and the political situation rapidly grow worse. In this belief, and also in the firm belief that the action hereby taken is and will be for the best personal, political, and property interests of every citizen of the land- We, citizens and residents of the Hawaiian Islands, organized and acting for the public safety and the common good, hereby proclaim as follows: (1) The Hawaiian monarchical system of Government is hereby abrogated. (2) A provisional government for the control and management of public affairs and the protection of the public peace is hereby established, to exist until terms of union with the United States of America have been negotiated and agreed upon. (3) Such provisional government shall consist of an executive council of four members, who are hereby declared to be Sanford B. Dole, James A. King, Peter C. 211 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Jones, William O. Smith, who shall administer the executive departments of the Government, the firs named acting as president and chairman of such council and administering the department of foreign affairs, and the others severally administering the departments of interior, finance, and attorney-general, respectively , in the order in which thy are above enumerated, according to existing Hawaiian law as far as may be consistent with this proclamation; and also of an advisory council, which shall consist of fourteen members, who are hereby declared to be S. M. Damon, L. A. Thurston, J. Emmeluth, J. H. McCandlass, F. W. McChesney, W. R. Wilhelm, W. G. Ashley, C. Bolte. Such advisory council shall also have general legislative authority. Such executive and advisory council shall, acting jointly, have power to remove any member of either council and to fill such or any other vacancy. (4) All officers under the existing Government are hereby requested to continue to exercise their functions and perform the duties of their respective offices, with the exception of the following- named persons: Queen Liliuokalani; Charles B. Wilson, marshal; Samuel Parker, minister of foreign affairs; W. H. Cornwell, minister of finance; John F. Colburn, minister of the interior; Arthur P. Peterson, attorney-general; who are hereby removed from office. (5) All Hawaiian laws and constitutional principles not inconsistent herewith shall continue in force until further order of the executive and advisory councils. HENRY E. COOPER. ANDREW BROWN. J. A. McCANDLESS. THEODORE F. LANSING. JOHN EMMELUTH. C. BOLTE. ED. SUHR. HENRY WATERHOUSE. W. C. WILDER. F. W. McCHESNEY. WILLIAM O. SMITH. _______ [Inclosure 2 in No. 79.] HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, January 17, 1893. SIR: The undersigned, members of the executive and advisory councils of the Provisional Government this day established in Hawaii, hereby state to you that for the reasons set forth in the proclamation this day issued, a copy of which is herewith inclosed for your consideration, the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a Provisional Government established in accordance with the said above-mentioned proclamation. Such Provisional Government has been proclaimed, is now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and is in control of the city. We hereby request that you will, on behalf of the United States of America, recognize it as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian islands, and afford to it the moral support of your Government, and , if necessary, the support of American troops to assist in preserving the public peace. We have the honor to remain your obedient servants, SANFORD B. DOLE. J. A. KING. P. C. JONES. WILLIAM O. SMITH. S. M. DAWSON. JOHN EMMELUTH. F. W. McCHESNEY. W. C. WILDER. J. A. McCANDLESS. ANDREW BROWN. JAS. F. MORGAN. HENRY WATERHOUSE. E. D. TENNEY. F. J. WILHELM. W. G. ASHLEY. C. BOLTE. His Excellency JOHN L. STEVENS, United States Minister Resident. 212 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Inclosure 3 in No. 79.] HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, January 17, 1893. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Order No. 1.] All persons favorable to the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands are hereby requested to forthwith report to the Government at the Government buildings and to furnish to the Government such arms and ammunition as they may have in their possession or control as soon as possible, in order that efficient and complete protection of life and property and the public peace may immediately and efficiently be put in operation. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P.C. JONES, WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. JOHN EMMELUTH, ANDREW BROWN, C. BOLTE, JAMES F. MORGAN, HENRY WATERHOUSE, S. M. DAMON, W. G. ASHLEY, E. D. TENNY, F. W. McCHESNEY, W. C. WILDER, Advisory Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ________ [Inclosure 4 in No. 79.] HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, January 17, 1893. (Issued 6 p.m.) PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Order No. 2.] It is hereby ordered and decreed that until further ordered, the right of the writ of habeas corpus is hereby suspended and martial law is hereby declared to exist throughout the island of Oahu. SANFORD B. DOLE, Minister of Foreign Affairs, J. A. KING, Minister of the Interior, P. C. JONES, Minister of Finance, WILLIAM O. SMITH, Attorney-General, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ______ [Inclosure 5 in No. 79.] Daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser, January 17, 1893.] MASS MEETING--CITIZENS DETERMINED TO RESIST AGGRESSION--AN ENTHUSIASTIC GATHERING AT THE RIFLES' ARMORY PROTESTS AGAINST THE REVOLUTIONARY ATTITUDE OF THE QUEEN--RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AND THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY AUTHORIZED TO TAKE FURTHER STEPS. At 2 p. m. yesterday the Honolulu Rifles' armory was the scene of one of the largest and most enthusiastic mass meetings ever held in Honolulu, It was called by the committee of public safety for the purpose of protesting against the revolutionary aggressions of the Queen. At 1:30 citizens began to assemble, and before 2 o'clock 213 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. the large building was crowded to its utmost capacity, 1,260, being present, by actual count, while many others came later. Every class in the community was fully represented, mechanics, merchants, professional men, and artisans of every kind being present if full force. The meeting was intensely enthusiastic, being animated by a common purpose and feeling, and most of the speakers were applauded to the echo. Hon. W. C. Wilder, of the committee of safety, was the chairman. Mr. WILDER said: Fellow citizens, I have been requested to act as chairman of the meeting. Were it a common occurrence, I should consider it an honor, but to-day, we are not here to do honor to anybody. I accept the chairmanship of this meeting as a duty. [Applause.] We meet here to-day as men--not as any party, faction, or creed, but as men who are bound to see good government. It is well known to you all what took place at the palace last Saturday. I need not tell you the object of the meeting, and no such meeting has been held since 1887. There is the same reason now as then. An impromptu meeeing of citizens was called Saturday to take measures for the public safety. The report of the committee will be read to you. We do not meet as revolutionists, but as peaceful citizens who have the right to meet and state their grievances. [Loud applause.] We will maintain our rights and have courage to maintain them. Universal cheers.] Noble Thurston being introduced by the chairman read the report of the committee of safety. "REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. "To the citizens of Honolulu: "On the morning of last Saturday, the 14th instant, the city was startled by the information that Her Majesty Queen Liliuokalani had announced her intention to arbitrarily promulgate a new constitution, and that three of the newly appointed cabinet ministers had, or were about to, resign in consequence thereof. "Immediately after the prorogation of the legislature at noon the Queen, accompanied, by her orders, by the cabinet, retired to the palace; the entire military force of the Government was drawn up in line in front of the building, and remained there until dark, and a crowd of several hundred native sympathizers with the new- constitution project gathered in the throne room and about the palace. The Queen then retired with the cabinet, informed them that she had a new constitution ready, that she intended to promulgate it and proposed to do so then and there, and demanded that they countersign her signature. "She turned a deaf ear to their statements and protests that the proposed action would inevitably cause the streets of Honolulu to run red with blood, and threatened that unless they complied with her demand she would herself immediately go out upon the steps of the palace and announce to the assembled crowd that the reason she did not give them the new constitution was because the ministers would not let her. Three of the ministers, fearing mob violence, immediately summoned back to the palace, but refused to go on the ground that there was no guaranty of their personal safety. "The only forces under the control of the Government are the household guards and the police. The former are nominally under the control of the minister of foreign affairs and actually under the control of their immediate commander, Maj. Nowlein, a personal adherent of the Queen. "The police are under the control of Marshal Wilson, the open and avowed royal favorite. Although the marshal is nominally under the control of the attorney-general, Her Majesty recently announced in a public speech that she would not allow him to be removed. Although the marshal now states that he is opposed to the Queen's proposition, he also states that if the final issue arises between the Queen and the cabinet and people he will support the Queen. "The cabinet was absolutely powerless and appealed to citizens for support. "Later they reluctantly returned to the palace, by request of the Queen, and for nearly two hours she again endeavored to force them to acquiesce in her desire, and upon their final refusal announced in a public speech in the throne room and again from the upper gallery of the palace that she desired to issue the constitution, but was prevented from doing so by her ministers and would issue it in a few days. "The citizens responded to the appeal of the cabinet to resist the revolutionary attempt of the Queen, by gathering at the office of William O. Smith. "Late in the afternoon it was felt that bloodshed and riot were imminent; that the community could expect no protection from the legal authorities; that, on the contrary, they would undoubtedly be made the instruments of royal aggression. An impromptu meeting of citizens was held, which was attended by the attorney-general, and which was addressed, among others, by the minister of the interior, J. F. Colburn, who stated to the meeting substantially the foregoing facts. "The meeting unanimously passed a resolution that the public welfare required 214 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. the appointment of a committee of public safety of thirteen, to consider the situation and devise ways and means for the maintenance of the public peace and the protection of life and property. "Such a committee was forthwith appointed and has followed its instructions. "The first step which the committee consider necessary is to secure openly, publicly, and peaceably, through the medium of a mass meeting of citizens, a condemnation of the proceedings of the party of revolution and disorder and a confirmation from such larger meeting of the authority now vested in the committee. "For such purpose the committee hereby recommends the adoption of the following resolution: "RESOLUTION. "1. Whereas Her Majesty Liliuokalani, acting in conjunction with certain other persons, has illegally and unconstitutionally and against the advice and consent of the lawful executive officers of the Government, attempted to abrogate the existing constitution and proclaim a new one in subversion of the right of the people; "2. And whereas such attempt has been accompanied by threats of violence and bloodshed and a display of armed force, and such attempt and acts and threats are revolutionary and treasonable in character; "3. And whereas Her Majesty's cabinet have informed her that such contemplated action was unlawful and would lead to bloodshed and riot and have implored and demanded of her to desist from and renounce such proposed action; "4. And whereas such advice has been in vain, and Her Majesty has in a public speech announced that she was desirous and ready to promulgate such constitution, the same being now ready for such purpose, and that the only reason why it was not now promulgated was because she had met with unexpected obstacles and that a fitting opportunity in the future must be awaited for the consummation of such object, which would be within a few days; "5. And whereas at a public meeting of citizens held in Honolulu on the 14th day of January instant a committee of thirteen to be known as the 'committee of public safety' was appointed to consider the situation and to devise ways and means for the maintenance of the public peace and safety and the preservation of life and property; "6. And whereas such committee has recommended the calling of this mass meeting of citizens to protest against and condemn such action and has this day presented a report to such meeting denouncing the action of the Queen and her supporters as being unlawful, unwarranted, in derogation of the rights of the people, endangering the peace of the community, and tending to excite riot and cause the loss of life and destruction of property: "Now, therefore, we, the citizens of Honolulu of all nationalities and regardless of political party affiliations, do hereby condemn and denounce the action of the Queen and her supporters; "And we do hereby ratify the appointment and indorse the action taken and report made by the said committee of safety; and we do hereby further empower such committee to further consider the situation and further devise such ways and means as may be necessary to secure the permanent maintenance of law and order and the protection of life, liberty, and property in Hawaii." Mr. THURSTON said: Mr. Chairman: Hawaii is a wonderful country. We are divided into parties and nationalities and factions, but there are moments when we are united and move shoulder to shoulder, moved by one common desire for the public good. Three times during the past twelve years this has happened-in 1880 , 1887 and to-day. They say it is ended, it is done, there is nothing to consider. Is it so? [Calls of no! no!] I say, gentlemen, that now and here is the time to act. [Loud cheers.] The Queen says she won't do it again. [Cries of humbug.] Fellow-citizens, have you any memories? Hasn't she once before promised-sworn solemnly before Almighty God to maintain this constitution? What is her word worth? [Calls of nothing! nothing!] It is an old saying that a royal promise is made to be broken. Fellow-citizens, remember it. We have not sought this situation. Last Saturday the sun rose on a peaceful and smiling city; to-day it is otherwise. Whose fault is it? Queen Liliuokalani's. It is not her fault that the streets have not run red with blood. She has printed a proclamation and at the same time, perhaps sent out by the same carriers, her organ prints an extra with her speech with bitter language than in the Advertiser. She wants us to sleep on a slumbering volcano which will one morning spew out blood and destroy us all. The Constitution gives us the right to assemble peacefully and express our grievances. We are here doing that to-day without arms. The man who has not the spirit to rise after the menaces to our liberties has no right to keep them. Has the tropic sun cooled and thinned our blood, or have we flowing in our veins the warm, rich blood which loves liberty and dies for it? I move the adoption of the resolution. [Tumultuous applause.] 215 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Mr. H. F. GLADE: The Queen has done an unlawful thing in ignoring the constitution which she had sworn to uphold. We most decidedly protest against such revolutionary proceeding, and we should do all we possibly can to prevent her from repeating actions which result in disorder and riot. We now have a promise from the Queen that proceedings as we experienced on Saturday shall not occur again; but we should have such assurances and guaranties for this promise that will really satisfy us and convince us of the faith and earnestness of the promise given of which we now have no assurance. What such guaranties and assurances ought to be I can not at this moment say or recommend. This should be referred to the committee of safety for their careful consideration. I second the motion. Mr. Young, in addressing the meeting, spoke as follows: Mr. Chairman and fellow-citizens: In June, 1887, I stood on this same platform and addressed an audience almost as large as the one now before me. At that time we had met to consider a resolution that looked toward a new constitution, which proposed constitution was considered the most effectual method of removing some flagrant abuses in governmental affairs, practice by the King and his cabinets. The constitution was promulgated. To-day we have met to consider the action of Her Majesty in attempting to set aside the constitution we all worked so hard to have promulgated, in the lost interests of the sovereign and the people at large, as well as for the redemption of the credit of the Kingdom abroad. It has long been reported that at some favorable opportunity the Queen would spring a new constitution upon the people and place matters even more in the hands of the sovereign than they were before the revolution of 1887. Some did not believe the rumors, but the actions of the Queen in the last few days have convinced the most skeptical that the rumors were well founded and that she had been pregnant with this unborn constitution for a long time; but it could not be born till under the propitious star. In trying to promulgate this long-promised constitution the Queen has therefore premeditately committed a breach of faith with one portion of her subjects in order to satisfy the clamors of a faction of natives urged by the influence of a mischievous element of foreigners who mean no good to the Queen or the people, but simply for the purpose of providing avenues for carrying out more perfectly the smuggling of opium and diverting the contents of the treasury into their own pockets. A by-authority circular has now been handed around setting forth that the Queen and her cabinet had decided not to press the promulgation of a new constitution; but can we depend on this promise of Her Majesty? Is this promise any more binding upon her than the oath she took before Almighty God to support and maintain the present constitution? Has not the Queen resorted to very questionable methods in an underhanded way to remove what, to the people, was one of the most acceptable cabinets ever commissioned by any sovereign in this Kingdom, in order that four other ministers might be appointed that would carry out her behest, treasonable or otherwise, as might be most conveniently within their scope? I say, have we any reasonable assurance that the Queen and her ministers have abandoned finally the new constitution promulgation scheme? [Roars of "No" from the audience] My fellow citizens, while the Queen and her cabinet continue to trifle with and play fast and loose with the affairs of state there can be no feeling of security for foreign families residing within these domains. There can be no business prosperity here at home, and our credit abroad must be of the flimsiest and most uncertain nature. And you, business men, who are toiling honestly for your bread and butter, will have to put up with thin bread and much thinner butter if this farcical work is continued. In order that matters may be set to rights again, and that hones, stable, and honorable government may be maintained in Hawaii, I support the resolution and trust that it will be passed unanimously by this meeting. Mr. C. BOLTE. Since the resolution which was read here has been written things have change. On Saturday the Queen promised the native people that she would give them a new constitution under all circumstances; she did not say exactly when, but as soon as possible. This morning a proclamation was issued, in which she says that her attempt to promulgate a new constitution last Saturday was made under stress of her native subjects, but that she will not do it again. An attempt to change the fundamental law of the land is a very serious matter, a matter that requires a good deal of consideration, and I am well convinced that this matter has been weighed and considered for more than a day by the Queen, and that there was no acting on the spur of the moment under the stress of her native subjects about it. It was her well premeditated conclusion that she would change the constitution so as to suit herself, on the day of prorogation of the legislature. Many people knew this several days ago, but there have been so many rumors about all sorts of things that not very much attention was paid to it; it was expected that she might change her mind before that day would come. But she did not change her mind as soon as that; she told the native people that she was ready to give them a new constitution right then and there, but that she could not do it because her ministers would not 216 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. let her. Now she has changed her mind; she makes a sort of excuse for what she did, and says she will never do it again. It seems to me that the question that your committee has to ask now, and which is for you gentlemen here in the meting to decide is this: Are you satisfied with the assurance given in to-day's proclamation signed by the Queen and the four ministers, and will you consider this matter ended, or do you desire greater and stronger guarantees for the safety and preservation of your life and liberty and property? I am one of the citizens' committee of public safety; my views on the situation are expressed in the resolutions which have just been read, and I trust you will show that you are of the same mind as the committee by adopting these resolutions. Hon. H. P. BALDWIN. I feel, with the rest of you, that the actions of the Queen have put the country in a very critical situation. Before this revolutionary act of Her Majesty we were getting along. A ministry had been appointed which would probably have been able to pull us through. The McKinley bill had put the whole country into a critical situation. We were working up new industries. Mr. Dillingham was trying to build a railroad around this island The Queen seems to have blinded herself to all these things. She has followed a whim of her own--a whim of an irresponsible body of Hawaiians--and tried to establish a new constitution. We must stop this; but we must not go beyond constitutional means. I favor this resolution, but think the committee should act within the constitution. There is no question that the Queen has done a revolutionary act; there is no doubt about that. The Queen's proclamation has not inspired confidence; but shall we not teach her to act within the constitution? [Loud calls of "No."] Well, gentlemen, I am ready to act when the time comes. J. EMMELUTH wished to say a few words on the situation. He had heard the Queen's speech at the palace, and noted the expression of her face. It was fiendish. When the petitioners filed out he reflected on the fact that thirty men could paralyze the business of the community for twenty-four hours. It was not they that did it, but the schemers behind them, and perhaps a woman, too. It was not the Hawaiians that wanted the new constitution: not those who worked. This was the third time that he had shut his doors, let his men go, and came up to this building. it would be the last time. If we let this time go by we would deserve all we would get. An opportunity came once in every lifetime. It had come to us, and if we finished as we should, a repetition of last Saturday would never occur in this country again. [Applause.] We must stand shoulder to shoulder. There was but one course to pursue, and we would all see it. The manifesto of this morning was bosh. "I won't do it any more; but give me a chance and I'll do it again." If the Queen had succeeded last Saturday, myself and you would have been robbed of the privileges without which no white man can live in this community. "Fear not, be not afraid," was written in my Bible by my mother twenty-five years ago. Gentlemen, I have done. As far as the Hawaiians are concerned, all have an aloha for them, and we wish to have laws enabling us to live peaceably together. R. J. GREENE. Fellow citizens, among the many thing I never could do was to make an impromptu speech. I have tried it over and over again and never succeeded but once, and that was after five weeks' preparation. Our patience has been exhausted. We all agree about the case. The question is, the remedy. John Greene, of Rhode Island, entered the war of the Revolution and served throughout. His son, my father, served through the war of 1812, until that little matter was settled. In 1862 John Greene, my father, stood before a meeting like this, and said he had four sons in the war, of whom I was the youngest, and would serve himself if he was not too old. This experience has biased my judgment as to some matters of civil government. It is too late to throw obstacles across the path of its progress here. I have adopted this flag and am loyal to it, but I am not willing to go one step back in the matter of civil liberty, and I will give the last drop of Rhode Island blood in my veins to go forward, and not back. [Cheers.} Chairman Wilder read the latter part of the resolution. It was passed by a unanimous standing vote, without a dissenting voice, and amid tremendous cheers, after which the meeting broke up. 217 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Inclosure 6 in No. 79.] [Daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser, January 18, 1893.] THE NEW ERA--THE REVOLUTION TERMINATED BY THE ESTABLISHING OF A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT--CITIZENS RISE AND SEIZE THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING--THE MONARCHY ABROGATED--ENTHUSIASTIC VOLUNTEERS RALLY ROUND THE NEW GOVERNMENT--THE LATE QUEEN AND CABINET YIELD AND LEAVE THE TOWN UNDER THE QUIET PROTECTION OF ITS OWN CITIZENS--FULL TEXT OF THE PROCLAMATION AND ORDERS. All day yesterday the community were in a state of expectancy, looking to the committee of public safety to do something to end the state of tension, and to secure the rights of all citizens against enroachment once and for all. The committee in the meantime was not idle, but was incessantly occupied completing its organization and perfecting the final arrangements necessary to the proclamation of the Provisional Government and its protection by an armed force. At about 2:30 o'clock an attempt was made by three native policemen to arrest the progress of a wagon which was being driven up Fort street, by Mr. Benner and Mr. Good. Those in charge of the wagon resisted the attempt of the officers to arrest its course. One of the officers making a motion to draw a revolver, Mr. Good drew his own, and calling attention to the fact that he was justified in shooting, he fired, seeking, however, to avoid the infliction of a dangerous wound. The wagon pursued its way, followed by a policeman in a hack. This episode precipitated the movement. Citizens hurried to the Beretania street armory, where they were formed into companies and marched to the Government building. In the meantime the committee of public safety, accompanied by members of the government about to be formed, proceeded to the Government building. They were entirely unarmed. Arrived at the Government building the committee inquired for the cabinet, but the ministers were not to be found. They then demanded and received of Mr. Hassinger the possession of the building. The party now proceeded to the front steps and, in the presence of a rapidly increasing crowd, the following proclamation was read: Before the reading of the proclamation was completed the volunteers from the Rifles' armory began to assemble in force. The grounds of Aliiolani Hale were cleared and a guard set at all the gates. The following orders were then promptly issued by the Provisional Government: HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, January 17, 1893. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Order No. 1.] All persons favorable to the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands are hereby requested to forwith report to the Government at the Government building and to furnish the Government such arms and ammunition as they may have in their possession or control as soon as possible, in order that efficient and complete protection of life and property and the public peace may be immediately and efficiently put into operation. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P.C. JONES, WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. JOHN EMMELUTH, ANDREW BROWN, C. BOLTE, JAMES F. MORGAN, HENRY WATERHOUSE, S. M. DAMON, W. G. ASHLEY, E. D. TENNY, F. W. McCHESNEY, W. C. WILDER, J. A. McCANDLESS, W.R. CASTLE, LORRINA A. THURSTON, F. J. WILHELM, Advisory Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. 218 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, January 17, 1893. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.. [Order No. 2.] It is hereby ordered and decreed that until further ordered the right of the writ of habeas corpus is hereby suspended, and marshal law is hereby declared to exist throughout the island of Oahu. SANFORD B. DOLE, Minister of Foreign Affairs., J. A. KING, Minister of the Interior, P. C. JONES, Minister of Finance, WILLIAM O. SMITH, Attorney-General, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. The Provisional Government sent for the late ministers, who were at the police station. Two of them came, and finally all four repaired to the headquarters of the new government, where formal demand was made upon them for the possession of the police station. The exministers asked for time to deliberate upon this demand. They went to the palace in company with Hon. Samuel M. Damon, and held a consultation with Liliuokalani. The result was a compromise proposition, which was rejected by the Provisional Government. After further consultation the following protest was noted: I, Liliuoakalani, by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister plenipotentiary, his excellency John L. Stevens has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional Sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands. Done at Honolula this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893. LILIUOKALANI, R. SAMUEL PARKER, Minister of Foreign Affairs. WM. H. CORNWALL, Minister of Finance. JNO. F. COLBURN, Minister of the Interior. A. P. PETERSON, Attorney-General. S. B. DOLE, Esq., and others, Composing the Provisional government of the Hawaiian Islands. (Indorsed:) Received by the hands of the late cabinet this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893. (Signed) Sanford B. Dole, chairman of the executive council of provisional Government. The late Queen and cabinet accordingly yielded unconditionally, and the police station was turned over to Commander Soper and Capt. Ziegler with forty men form Company A. Mr. Wilson made a short address to the police force assembled in the station, telling them that resistance was no longer feasible. The Provisional Government sent notifications of the situation to the representatives of foreign powers. The following answer to the request for recognition was received from his excellency John L. Stevens: "A Provisional Government having been duly constituted in the place of the recent Government of Queen Liliuokalani, and said Provisional Government being in full possession of the Government building, the archives, and the treasury, and in control of the capital of the Hawaiian Islands, I hereby recognize said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands. "JOHN L. STEVENS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States. At latest advices the Provisional Government was in complete possession of the city, and the only Government possessing, exercising, or claiming any authority or power whatsoever. 219 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. No. 3. Mr. Dole to Mr. Foster. DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 18, 1893. (Received February 3.) SIR: I have the honor to inform you that, as president of the executive and advisory council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, I have this day commissioned and appointed the following gentlemen as special commissioners from this Government to that of the United States of America, viz, Hon. W. C. Wilder, Charles L. Carter, esq., Hon. Joseph Marsden, accrediting them to his excellency the President of the United States. A copy of their credentials will be found inclosed. Expressing the hope that these gentlemen will prove acceptable to the United States as the representatives of this Government, and that you will extend them all proper assistance in furtherance of their mission, With sentiments of the highest esteem and respect, I have, etc., SANFORD B. DOLE, Minister of Foreign Affairs. (Inclosures:) Copies of the credential letters of the five commissioners. For text see Credentials of Mr. Lorrin A. Thurston, printed as paper No. 13, post. __________ No. 4. Ex-Queen Liliuokalani to the President. (Received February 3, 1893.) His Excellency BENJAMIN HARRISON, President of the United States: MY GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: It is with deep regret that I address you on this occasion. Some of my subjects, aided by aliens, have renounced their loyalty and revolted against the constitutional government of my Kingdom. They have attempted to depose me and to establish a provisional government, in direct conflict with the organic law of this Kingdom. Upon receiving incontestable proof that his excellency the minister plenipotentiary of the United States, aided and abetted their unlawful movements and caused United States troops to be landed for that purpose, I submitted to force, believing that he would not have acted in that manner unless by the authority of the Government which he represents. This action on my part was prompted by three reasons: The futility of a conflict with the United States; the desire to avoid violence, bloodshed, and the destruction of life and property, and the certainty which I feel that you and your Government will right whatever wrongs may have been inflicted upon us in the premises. In due time a statement of the true facts relating this matter will be laid before you, and I live in the hope that you will judge uprightly and justly between myself and my enemies. 220 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. This appeal is not made for myself personally, but for my people who have hitherto always enjoyed the friendship and protection of the United States. My opponents have taken the only vessel which could be obtained here for the purpose, and hearing of their intention to send a delegation of their number to present their side of this conflict before you, I requested the favor of sending by the same vessel an envoy to you, to lay before you my statement, as the facts appear to myself and my loyal subjects. This request has been refused and I now ask you that in justice to myself and to my people that no steps be taken by the Government of the United States until my cause can be heard by you. I shall be able to dispatch an envoy about the 2d day of February, as that will be the first available opportunity hence, and he will reach you with every possible haste that there may be no delay in the settlement of this matter. I pray you, therefore, my good friend, that you will not allow any conclusions to be reached by you until my envoy arrives. I beg to assure you of the continuance of my highest consideration. LILIUOKALANI, R. HONOLULU, January 18, 1893. __________ No. 5. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster. No. 80.] UNITED STATES LEGATION, Honolulu, January 19, 1893. (Received February 3.) SIR: The Provisional Government of Hawaii, by special steamer, send a commission to Washington with full powers to negotiate with the Government of the United States. It is composed of six representative men of the highest respectability. Hon. William C. Wilder is the president and chief manager of the Interisland Steamship Company, running steamers among the islands, and he has large property interests in Honolulu. Hon. C. M. [surname omitted] is a leading lumber merchant, doing business with Puget Sound and Oregon, born here of the best American stock. Hon. L. A. Thurston is one of the most, if not the most talented and influential man on the islands, and is of the highest respectability. He and his father were born on the islands, of Connecticut parentage. Though a young man, he was the leading member of the reform cabinet from July, 1887, to 1890. Hon. William H. Castle is a lawyer of eminence, born on the islands, of western New York parentage, his father still living here at the age of 84, having resided in Honolulu nearly half a century, and for many years exercised a large influence here. Mr. Charles P. Carter is the son of the recent Hawaiian minister at Washington, Hon. H. P. Carter, and is an accomplished and most reliable gentleman, American to the core, and has a Michigan wife. Hon. Mr. Marsden is of English birth, is a prominent business man and a noble in the legislature. These six commissioners represent a large preponderating proportion of the property holders and commercial interests of these islands. They are backed by the influences which will enable them to fully carry out their agreements with the United States Government. I am, sir, etc., JOHN L. STEVENS. 221 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. No. 6. [Telegram.] Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, January 28, 1893. Your dispatch, telegraphed from San Francisco, announcing revolution and establishment of a Provisional Government was received to-day. Your course in recognizing an unopposed de facto government appears to have been discreet and in accordance with the facts. The rule of this Government has uniformly been to recognize and enter into relation with any actual government in full possession of effective power with the assent of the people. You will continue to recognize the new Government under such conditions. It is trusted that the change, besides conducing to the tranquility and welfare of the Hawaiian Islands, will tend to draw closer the intimate ties of amity and common interest which so conspicuously and necessarily link them to the United States. You will keep in constant communication with the commander of the United States naval force at Honolulu, with a view to acting if need be for the protection of the interests and property of American citizens and aiding in the preservation of good order under the changed condition reported. JOHN W. FOSTER. __________ No. 7. Mr. Tracy to Mr. Foster. NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, January 28, 1893. (Received January 28.) SIR: I have the honor to inclose for your information a copy of a dispatch received this date from Capt. G. C. Wiltse, commanding officer U. S. S. Boston. I have, etc., B. F. TRACY, Secretary of the Navy. _____ [Inclosure.] Capt. Wiltse to Mr. Tracy. HONOLULU, January 18, 1893. (Via San Francisco, January 28.) The cabinet was voted out on January 12; another was appointed on January 14, on which date the Queen prorogued the legislature and attempted to proclaim new constitution. At 2 p. m. on January 16 the citizens met and organized a committee of safety. At 4:30 p. m. landed force in accordance with the request of the United States minister plenipotentiary. Tuesday (17th) afternoon the Provisional Government was established; the Queen dethroned. The revolution was accomplished without loss of life. Everything is quiet. Commission appointed so as to negotiate terms of annexation to the United States Government. WILTSE. 222 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. No. 8. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster. [Telegram.] HONOLULU, February 1, 1893. (Via San Francisco, Feb. 9, 1893. Received Feb. 9, 4:30 p. m.) Provisional Government of Hawaii gaining power and respect. Everything is quiet. Annexation sentiment is increasing. Dead monarchy and opposition to annexation is supported chiefly by lottery and opium ring. Today at 9 a.m., in accordance with the request of Provisional Government of Hawaii, I have placed Government of Hawaii under the United States protection during negotiations, not interfering with the execution of public affairs. Have mailed important dispatches. Have sent duplicate copies of dispatches. It is advisable that Commodore Skerrett proceed at once to Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, with one or more United States ships as precautionary measures. STEVENS. __________ No. 9. Mr. Smith to Mr. Foster. HAWAIIAN LEGATION, Washington, February 3, 1893. (received February 3.) SIR: I beg to submit to you (copy of) official dispatch of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, received by me yesterday. It announces the sending of five commissioners, Hon. L. A. Thurston, W. R. Castle, esq., Hon. W. C. Wilder, C. L. Carter, esq., Hon, Joseph Marsden, to treat with the Government of the United States. These gentlemen will arrive in Washington this day, and with your consent, I shall be glad to present them to you to-morrow, at the State Department. Renewing assurance of my highest consideration, J. MOTT SMITH. _____ [Inclosure 1.] Mr. Dole to Mr. Smith. DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 18, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to inform your excellency that by public proclamation made on the 17th instant, from the Government building, in all formal style, the Hawaiian monarchy was abrogated and a Provisional Government over the Hawaiian Islands established, as is duly set forth in the copy of the proclamation handed to your excellency herewith. It having been found necessary to dispatch a commission of five gentlemen to Washington for the purpose of carrying out the provisions expressed in such proclamation, I have this day, by and with the advice and consent of the executive and advisory councils of the Provisional Government, appointed and commissioned the following-named gentlemen as such commissioners: Hon. L. A. Thurston, W. R. Castle, esq., Hon. W. C. Wilder, C. L. Carter, esq., Hon, Joseph Marsden, who have been presented with the proper credentials to the President of the United States and the Secretary of State. 223 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. I would therefore request your excellency to render all possible aid and assistance in your power to the furthering of their mission, the success of which the Provisional Government earnestly desires to consummate. With the highest respect and consideration, I have the honor, etc., SANFORD B. DOLE, Minister of Foreign Affairs. _______ [Inclosure 2.] [Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, January 17, 1893, printed ante as inclosure with Mr. Stevens's No. 79 of January 18, 1893.] __________ No. 10. Mr. Tracy to Mr. Foster. NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, February 3, 1893. (Received February 3.) SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of a communication received this day from Capt. G. C. Wiltse, U. S. Navy, commanding the U. S. S. Boston, relating to Hawaiian affairs. I have the honor, etc., B. F. TRACY, Secretary of the Navy. SIR: I have the honor to make the following report concerning the condition of political affairs in the Hawaiian Islands: As stated in my communication of January 4, 1893, the Boston sailed from this port for Hilo, Hawaii, with the United States minister on board During the absence of the ship from this port, on January 12, the cabinet was voted out of office by a vote of 25 to 16. Another cabinet was appointed on January 14. On the morning of January 14 the Boston arrived in this port from Lahina, Maui, and came to anchor. At noon on the same day the legislature was prorogued by the Queen, and it was rumored that the Queen intended proclaiming a new constitution. This, however, was not done. On Monday, January 16, there was a large and enthusiastic mass meeting, composed of the representative men of Honolulu, held in the largest hall in the city, at 2 p. m. On the same day I received from the United States minister a request to land the sailors and marines of the Boston to protect the United States legation, consulate, and the lives and property of American citizens. At 4:30 p. m., January 16, I landed the ship's battalion under command of Lieut. Commander William T. Swinburne. One detachment of marines was placed at the legation and one at the consulate, while the main body of men, with two pieces of artillery, were quartered in a hall of central location near the Government building. On Tuesday, January 17, a provisional government was established and the Queen dethroned. The Provisional Government took possession of the Government buildings, the archives, and the treasury, the Queen acquiescing under protest. The Provisional Government was recognized as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands by the United States minister. 224 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. The revolution has been accomplished without the loss of a single life, and to-day, January 18, the Provisional Government has possession and control of the city, which is under martial law. I am informed that commissioners will leave to-morrow for Washington fully accredited for purposes of negotiation to permit these islands to come under the control of the United States. Very respectfully, G. C. WILTSE, Captain, U. S. Navy, Commanding U. S. S. Boston. __________ No. 11. The Hawaiian special commissioners to Mr. Foster. WASHINGTON, February 3, 1893. SIR: We have the honor to hereby inform you that by order of his excellency Sanford B. Dole, president and minister of foreign affairs of the executive council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands and of the executive council of such Government, Messrs. L. A. Thurston, W. C. Wilder, W. R. Castle, J. Marsden, and C. L. Carter have been constituted and appointed special commissioners to the President of the United States, with instructions to proceed forthwith to Washington and there to represent to the President and Government of the United States of America the facts leading up to and concerning the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and to request from such Government of the United States of America that the acknowledgment and recognition of such Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands heretofore given to such Provisional Government by his excellency John L. Stevens, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Unites States of America at Hawaii, may be confirmed by the President and Government of the United States of America. And also the said commissioners are instructed and fully authorized and empowered by the said Provisional Government to negotiate a treaty between the said Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands and the Government of the United States of America, by the terms of which full and complete political union may be secured between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands. In accordance with such instructions we hereby present for your consideration a brief statement of the principal facts leading up to and concerning the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, as follows: On Saturday, the 14th of January, ultimo, Her Majesty Liliuokalani, Queen of the Hawaiian Kingdom, attempted with force to abrogate the existing constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom and promulgate a new constitution. Such attempt was resisted by her cabinet, whom she threatened with violence. She finally desisted from her attempt to immediately ppromulgate the proposed constitution, announcing in two public speeches, however, that she had not abandoned such project, but would carry the same into effect "within a few days." All of the military and police forces of the Kingdom being directly under the control of the personal adherents of the Queen, the cabinet appealed to citizens for protection and support against the proposed aggression. The citizens rallied in opposition to the project ofthe Queen, and at a public meeting appointed a committee of public safety, 225 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. of thirteen members, to consider the situation and devise ways and means for the maintenance of the public peace and the protection of life and property. After considering the situation, such committee called a public meeting of citizens on Monday, the 16th of said January. Such meeting was duly held, to the number of about fifteen hundred of the leading citizens. A report by such committee was submitted to such meeting, recommending the adoption of certain resolutions. Such resolutions were unanimously adopted. A copy of such report and resolutions, marked Inclosure A, is herewith submitted. A few hours before such meeting a proclamation was issued by the Queen and cabinet, a copy of which is inclosed herewith and marked Inclosure B. On the afternoon of the same day, the Queen then having about four hundred men under arms and the people being in open preparation for dethroning her, with every indication of a conflict, the United States troops landed and a guard was stationed at the American consulate and legation and the remainder were quartered in a public hall hired for that purpose. They neither then nor at any time since have taken any part either for or against the Queen or the Provisional Government. After full consideration by the said committee and consultation with leading citizens of all nationalities, it was the unanimous opinion of such committee and citizens that the statements of fact in such proclamation did not detract from the necessity for action, and the undertaking therein contained was deemed unreliable; and for the reasons briefly set forth in such above-mentioned report of the committee of safety and resolutions, and also in the proclamation hereunder referred to, there was no longer any possibility of efficiently and permanently maintaining the public peace and the protection of life, liberty, and property in Hawaii under the existing system of government, and that the only method of maintaining such permanent peace and security was by securing the assistance and support of the Government of the United States, or some other foreign power possessed of sufficient force to prevent the future possibility of revolution or despotic assumption of power in derogation of the rights of the people. In accordance with such conclusion, such committee, representing almost the entire property and intelligence of the Hawaiian Islands, on the 17th day of said January issued a proclamation abrogating the monarchy, deposing Queen Liliuokalani, and establishing a Provisional Government, "to exist until terms of union with the United States of America have been negotiated and agreed upon," a copy of which proclamation, marked Inclosure C, is submitted herewith. Immediately after such proclamation such Provisional Government took possession of the city of Honolulu, including the Government buildings, the archives and the treasury, and within a few hours thereafter received surrender of all the military and police forces, thereby coming into full possession of the Kingdom. Immediately after such possession had been obtained notification thereof was given to the representatives of all foreign countries represented at Honolulu, accompanied by the request that such representatives extend to said Provisional Government their recognition. In reply to such request the representative of the United States of America accorded such recognition upon the same day that it was requested, to wit, the 17th of said January, and on the following day recognition of such Provisional Government was made by the repre- F R 94--APP II----15 226 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. sentatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, Spain, Norway and Sweden, The Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Mexico, Chile, Peru, and China; and on the following day, to wit, the 19th of said January, recognition of such Provisional Government was extended by the representatives of France and Portugal. Copies of the acknowledgments of the said representatives of foreign Governments, with the exception of those of the representatives of Portugal and France, which were received too late to obtain copies thereof, are inclosed herewith, marked Inclosure D. In further pursuance of such instructions we hereby request that the acknowledgment and recognition of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands by the representative of the United States of America at Hawaii may be confirmed by the Government of the United States of America. And also in further pursuance of such instructions we herewith present a communication from the said executive council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands to Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States of America, informing him of the appointment of the above-named L. A. Thurston, W. C. Wilder, W. R. Castle, J. Marsden, and C. L. Carter as special commissioners with full power and authority to negotiate and agree upon the terms of a union of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands and the Government of the United States of America, the original of which is inclosed herewith and marked Inclosure E. The commissions of the said above-named gentlemen, as such special commissioners for the purpose aforesaid, are also inclosed herewith for inspection, and marked Inclosure F. In further pursuance of such instructions, we also hereby request that a treaty may be concluded between the Government of the United States of America and the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, by the terms of which full and complete political union may be secured between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands, and for that purpose we hereby request that negotiations may be opened between the representatives of the Government of the United States of America and the said special commissioners on behalf of the Provisional Government. In further pursuance of such instructions, we also herewith submit a copy of a protest made by her ex-majesty Queen Liliuokalani against the action of the said Provisional Government, which is marked Inclosure G. We have the honor, etc., L. A. THURSTON, W. C. WILDER, WM. R. CASTLE, J. MARSDEN, CHARLES L. CARTER, Special Commissioners of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ______ [Inclosure A.] REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. To the citizens of Honolulu: On the morning of last Saturday, the 14th instant, the city was startled by the information that Her Majesty, Queen Liliuokalani, had announced her intention to ar- 227 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. bitrarily promulgate a new constitution, and that three of the newly appointed cabinet ministers had, or were about to, resign in consequence thereof. Immediately after the prorogation of the legislature, at noon, the Queen, accompanied by her orders by the cabinet retired to the palace; the entire military force of the Government was drawn up in line in front of the building, and remained there until dark, and a crowd of several hundred natives, sympathizers with the constitution project, gathered in the throne room and about the palace. The Queen then retired with the cabinet; informed them that she had a new constitution ready; that she intended to promulgate it and proposed to do so then and there, and demanded that they countersign her signature. She turned a deaf ear to their statements and protests, that the proposed action would inevitably cause the streets of Honolulu to run red with blood, and threatened that unless they complied with her demand she would herself immediately go out upon the steps of the palace and announce to the assembled crowd that the reason she did not give them the new constitution was because the minsters would not let her. Three of the ministers, fearing mob violence, immediately withdrew and returned to the Government building. They were immediately summoned back to the palace but refused to go, on the ground that there was no guaranty of their personal safety. The only forces under the control of the Government are the household guards and the police. The former are nominally under the control of the minister of foreign affairs, and actually under their immediate commander, Maj. Nowlein, a personal adherent of the Queen. The police are under the control of Marshal Wilson, the open and avowed royal favorite. Although the marshal is nominally under the control of the attorney-general, Her Majesty recently announced in a public speech that she would not allow him to be removed. Although the marshal now states that he is opposed to the Queen's proposition, he also states that if the final issue arises between the Queen and the cabinet and the people he will support the Queen. The cabinet was absolutely powerless and appealed to citizens for support. Later they reluctantly returned to the palace, by request of the Queen, and for nearly two hours she endeavored to force them to acquiesce in her desire, and upon their final refusal announced in a public speech in the throne room and again from the upper gallery of the palace that she desired to issue the constitution but was prevented from doing so by her ministers and would issue it in a few days. The citizens responded to the appeal of the cabinet to resist the revolutionary attempt of the Queen by gathering at the office of William O. Smith. Later in the afternoon it was felt that bloodshed and riot were imminent; that the community could expect no protection from the legal authorities; that on the contrary they would undoubtedly be made the instruments of royal aggression. An impromptu meeting of citizens was held, which was attended by the attorney-general, and which was addressed, among others, by the mister of the interior, J. F. Calburn, who stated to the meeting substantially the foregoing facts. The meeting unanimously passed a resolution that the public welfare required the appointment of a committee of public safety of thirteen, to consider the situation and devise ways and means for the maintenance of the public peace and the protection of life and property. Such committee was forthwith appointed and has followed its instructions. The first step which the committee consider necessary is to secure openly, publicly, and peaceably through the medium of a mass meeting of citizens a condemnation of the proceeding of the party of revolution and disorder and a confirmation from such larger meeting of the authority now vested in the committee. For such purpose the committee hereby recommends the adoption of the following resolution: RESOLUTION. (1) Whereas Her Majesty Liliuokalani, acting in conjunction with certain other persons, has illegally and unconstitutionally, and against the advice and consent of the lawful executive officers of the Government, attempted to abrogate the existing constitution and proclaim a new one in subversion of the rights of the people; (2) And whereas such attempt has been accompanied by threats of violence and bloodshed and a display of armed force; and such attempt and acts and threats are revolutionary and treasonable in character; (3) And whereas Her Majesty's cabinet have informed her that such contemplated action was unlawful and would lead to bloodshed and riot, and have implored and demanded of her to desist from and renounce such proposed action; (4) And whereas such advice has been in vain, and Her Majesty has in a public speech announced that she was desirous and ready to promulgate such constitution, the same being now ready for such purpose, and that the only reason why it was not 228 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. promulgated was because she had met with unexpected obstacles, and that a fitting opportunity in the future must be awaited for the consummation of such object, which would be within a few days; (5) And whereas at a public meeting of citizens held in Honolulu on the 14th day of January instant a committee of thirteen to be known as the "Committee of Public Safety" was appointed to consider the situation and devise ways and means to consider the situation of the public peace and safety and the preservation of life and property; (6) And whereas such committee has recommended the calling of this mass meeting of citizens to protest against and condemn such action, and has this day presented a report to such meeting denouncing the action of the Queen and her supporters as being unlawful, unwarranted, in derogation of the rights of the people, endangering the peace of the community, and tending to excite riot, and cause the loss of life and destruction of property. Now, therefore, we, the citizens of Honolulu, of all nationalities, and regardless of political party affiliations, do hereby condemn and denounce the action of the Queen and her supporters. And we do hereby ratify the appointment and indorse the action and report made by the said committee of safety, and we do hereby further empower such committee to further consider the situation, and further devise such ways and means as may be necessary to secure the permanent maintenance of law and order and the protection of life, liberty, and property in Hawaii. ______ [Inclosure B.] BY AUTHORITY. Her Majesty's ministers desire to express their appreciation for the quiet and order which has prevailed in this community since the vents of Saturday, and are authorized to say that the position taken by Her Majesty in regard to the promulgation of a new constitution, was under stress of her native subjects. Authority is given for the assurance that any changes desired in the fundamental law of the land will be sought only by methods provided in the constitution itself. Her Majesty's ministers request all citizens to accept the assurance of Her Majesty in the same spirit which it is given. LILIUKALANI. SAMUEL PARKER, Minister of Foreign Affairs. W. H. CORNWELL, Minister of Finance. JOHN F. COLBURN, Minister of the Interior. A. P. PETERSON, Attorney-General. IOLANI PALACE, January 16, 1893. ______ [Inclosure C.] [Proclamation of Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, January 17, 1893. Printed ante as inclosure with Mr. Stevens's No. 79 of January 18, 1893.] ______ [Inclosure D.] UNITED STATES LEGATION, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 17, 1893. A Provisional Government having been duly constituted in the place of the recent Government of Queen Liliukalani, and said Provisional Government being in full possession of the Government buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and in control of the capital of the Hawaiian Islands, I hereby recognize said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands. JOHN L. STEVENS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States. 229 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. IMPERIAL GERMAN CONSULATE, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to own receipt of your esteemed favor of yesterday's date, and hereby take much pleasure to recognize and acknowledge, on behalf of the Government of Germany, the present Government of the Hawaiian islands, and that I shall do all in my power to further and support the same. I have the honor to remain, gentlemen, your most obedient servant, H. F. GLADE, Imperial German Consul. Messrs, SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government in Hawaii. ______ AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN CONSULATE, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to own receipt of your esteemed favor of yesterday's date, and hereby take much pleasure to recognize and acknowledge, on behalf of the Austro-Hungarian Government, the present Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and that I shall do all in my power to further and support the same. H. F. GLADE, Austro-Hungarian Consul. Messrs. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, PC. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government in Hawaii. ____ HONOLULU, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of yesterday's date, together with a copy of the proclamation issued yesterday, whereby you inform me that for reasons set forth the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a Provisional Government established, the same being now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and whereby you request me to recognize the said Provisional government on behalf of the Government of Italy as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands and to afford to it the moral support of my Government. In response I have the honor to say that I comply with the above request and recognize the said Provisional Government as far as my authority as consul for Italy may permit me to act for and on behalf of His Italian Majesty's Government in the premises. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, you very obedient servant, F. A. SCHAEFER, Consul for Italy. Hon. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and W. O. SMITH. Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ____ VICE-CONSULATE OF RUSSIA, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. SIRS: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of 17th instant, and in reply beg to inform you that I take the pleasure to recognize the Provisional Government of Hawaii, as defined in the proclamation inclosed in your letter on behalf of the Government of Russia, and I shall afford to it my moral support as representative of the country last named. I have the honor to be, sirs, your most obedient servant, J. F. HACKFELD, Acting Vice-Consul. Messrs. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, Honolulu. 230 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. HONOLULU, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to own the receipt of your communication of yesterday's date, together with a copy of the proclamation issued yesterday, informing me that for reasons set forth the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a provisional government established, and requesting me to recognize the said Provisional Government, on behalf of the Spanish Government, as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and to afford to it the moral support of my Government. In response I have the honor to say that I comply with the above request and recognize the said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands within the scope of my authority. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your obedient servant, H. RENJES, Vice-Consul for Spain. Hons. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ____ KONGL. SWENSTA OCH WORSTA KONFULATET, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your excellencies' communication of January 17, informing me that the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and that a provisional government has been established in Hawaii for reasons set forth in a proclamation, of which you sent me a copy; also that such provisional government has been proclaimed, is now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and is in control of the city. In reply to your request to recognize the Provisional Government and afford it the moral support of my Government, I beg to say that I do recognize it as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and that I shall report to my Government immediately. Your excellencies' most obedient servant, H. W. SCHMIDT, Consul. ____ CONSULATE OF THE NETHERLANDS, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the communication of the executive council of the provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, announcing the abrogation of the Hawaiian monarchy; of your possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, as well as being in control of the city. Added to the above is your request for the official recognition of the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands on behalf of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which I have the honor to represent, and to give you the moral supports of my Government. In reply I take pleasure in assuring the gentlemen of the executive council that I cordially extend to them full assent to their claim for recognition, and of my intention to add such moral support as may come within the scope of my consular authority. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your very obedient servant, JOHN H. PATY, Consul for The Netherlands. Messrs. S. B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and W. O. SMITH, Executive Council, Hawaiian Provisional Government, etc. ____ ROYAL DANISH CONSULATE, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. SIRS: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of yesterday's date, inclosing a copy of proclamation issued last evening, informing me that for reasons set forth in said proclamation the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a provisional government established, which is now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and request- 231 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. ing me, on behalf of the Government of Denmark, to recognize said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and to accord to it the moral supports of my Government. In reply I have the honor to state that I hereby comply with the above request, recognize the said provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, to the extent that my authority will allow me to act, pending a reply from my Government. I have the honor to be, sirs, yours, most obediently, E. C. MACFARLANE, Acting Vice-Consul for Denmark. Messrs. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ____ CONSULATE OF BELGIUM, January 18, 1893. SIRS: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 17th instant, and in reply beg to inform you that I take pleasure to recognize the Provisional Government of Hawaii, as defined in the proclamation inclosed in your letter, in behalf of the Government of Belgium, and I shall afford to it my moral support as representative of the country last named. I have the honor to be, sirs, your most obedient servant, J. F. HACKFELD, Consul. Messrs. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, Honolulu. ____ HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of yesterday's date, together with a copy of the proclamation issued yesterday, informing me that for reasons set forth the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a provisional government established, and requesting me to recognize the said Provisional Government on behalf of the Mexican Government as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and to afford to it the moral support of my Government. In answer I have the honor to state that I comply with the above request and recognize the said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, within the scope of my authority. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your obedient servant, H. RENJES, Consul for Mexico. Hons. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and W. O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ____ CONSULATE OF CHILE, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of yesterday's date, together with a copy of the proclamation issued yesterday, whereby I am informed that for reasons set forth the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a Provisional Government established, the same being now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and whereby you request me to recognize the said Provisional Government as the existing de facto Government on behalf of the Government of Chile and afford to it the moral support of my Government. In response I have the honor to say that I comply with the above request and recognize the said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands so far as my authority as consul of Chile may permit me to act for and on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Chile in the premises. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your obedient servant, H. A. SHAEFER, Consul for Chile. Hons. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and W. O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. 233 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. OFFICE OF THE PERUVIAN CONSULATE, Honolulu, January 18, 1893. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your valued communication of the 17th instant, inclosing a copy of the proclamation then issued wherein it is set forth that the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a Provisional Government established. You request me to recognize said Government, on the behalf of the Government of Peru, as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and to afford it the moral support of my Government. I have the honor to state in reply that I take pleasure in complying with your request, and I hereby recognize the said Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands in so far as my authority in the premises will permit. I have the honor to remain, gentlemen, your most obedient servant, BRUCE CARTWRIGHT, Consul for Peru. Hons. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Members of the Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ____ CHINESE COMMERCIAL AGENCY, Honolulu, January 19, 1893. GENTLEMEN: We have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your circular letter of the 17th instant, covering a copy of the proclamation issued yesterday whereby you inform us that the Hawaiian monarchy has been abrogated and a Provisional Government established, the latter being now in possession of the Government departmental buildings, the archives, and the treasury, and whereby you request us to recognize the said Provisional Government on behalf of the Government of the Empire of China as the existing de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and to afford to it the moral support of our Government. In answer we have the honor to say that we comply with your request and recognize the said Provisional Government as the de facto Government of the Hawaiian Islands so far as our authority as commercial agents of China may allow us to act for and on behalf of His Imperial Majesty's Government in this matter. We have the honor to be, gentlemen, your most obedient servants, GOO KIM, Chinese Commercial Agent. WONG KWAI, Assistant Chinese Commercial Agent. Hons. SANFORD B. DOLE, J. A. KING, P. C. JONES, and WILLIAM O. SMITH, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. ____ [Inclosure E.] [Credential letters of the Hawaiian Commissioners. Printed post as paper No. 12.] ____ [Inclosure F.] [Commissions of the Hawaiian commissioners. Printed post as paper No. 13.] ____ [Inclosure G.] PROTEST OF QUEEN LILIUOKALANI. I, Liliuokalani, by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. 233 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose minister plenipotentiary, his excellency John L> Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I do under this protest and impelled by said force yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it,undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands. Done at Honolulu the 17th day of January A. D. , 1893. LILIUOKALANI R. SAMUEL PARKER, Minister of Foreign Affairs. WM. H. CROMWELL, Minister of Finance. JNO. F. COLBURN, Minister of the Interior. A. P. PETERSON, Attorney-General. S. B. DOLE, esq., and others, Composing the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. (Indorsed:) Received by the hands of the late cabinet this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893. Sanford B. Dole, chairman of executive council of Provisional Government. __________ No. 12. Credential letters of the Hawaiian Commissioners, exhibited to the Secretary of State February 4, 1893. Sanford B. Dole, president of the executive and advisory councils of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, to His Excellency Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States of America. GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: Reposing special trust in the wisdom, integrity, and ability of the Hon. Lorrin A. Thurston, one of our distinguished citizens, we have appointed and do hereby constitute and appoint him to be a Special Commissioner of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, with full power and authority to confer with your excellency, or your successors in office, or with any properly constituted and appointed persons and authorities of the United States Government, to negotiate and agree upon the terms of a union of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands and the Government of the United States of America, or to negotiate the terms upon which such union may be made. He is well informed of the relative interests of the two countries, and of our earnest desire to further strengthen and cement the bonds that now exist between us, and from a knowledge of his fidelity, probity, and good conduct, we have entire confidence that he will render himself acceptable to your excellency and to the authorities of the United States Government by his constant endeavors to advance measures for the mutual benefit of both countries. We therefore desire that your excellency will receive him favorably, and give full credence to what he may say as the "Commissioner of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands," and, most of all, when he shall assure your excellency of the earnest wish and desire of our Provisional Government for closer and more intimate relations than those now existing and of our abiding faith in the continued friendship of the great nation over which your excellency so ably presides. 234 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. We pray God to have your excellency ever in His safe and holy keeping. Written at the Government house, at Honolulu, this eighteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety- three. SANFORD B. DOLE, President of the Executive and Advisory Councils of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. By the President: J. A. KING, Minister of the Interior, P. C. JONES, Minister of Finance, WILLIAM O. SMITH, Attorney-General, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. (Similar letters of credence were delivered by the other Commissioners, Messrs. W. C. Wilder, William R. Castle, C. L. Carter, and Joseph Marsden.) __________ No. 13. Commissions of the Hawaiian special commissioners, exhibited to the Secretary of State February 3, 1893. Sanford B. Dole, president of the executive and advisory councils of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, to Hon. Lorrin A. Thurston, greeting: Know ye, that we, the executive council of the Provisional Government, reposing special trust and confidence in your wisdom, integrity, and fidelity, have constituted and appointed you, and do by these presents hereby constitute and appoint you a special commissioner to the President of the United States to negotiate with him, or another or others who may be appointed by him, certain matters detailed to you in your letter of instructions issued to you by said council, and to faithfully discharge and perform all the duties pertaining to said office under said instructions; and all persons are hereby commanded to respect this, your authority. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and the seal of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, in Honolulu, this eighteenth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninety- three. [SEAL.] SANFORD B. DOLE, President. By the President: J. A. KING, Minister of the Interior, P. C. JONES, Minister of Finance, WILLIAM O. SMITH, Attorney-General, Executive Council of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. (The text of the commissions of Messrs. Castle, Wilder, Carter, and Marsden read the same, mutatio nominis.) 235 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. No. 14. The Hawaiian special commissioners to Mr. Foster. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 4, 1893. (Received February 4.) SIR: In accordance with the statement this day made by you to us that, by order of the President, you had confirmed the recognition of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands already extended to such Provisional government by his excellency John L. Stevens, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United States of America at Hawaii; and in accordance with your further statement, then made, that you accepted the credentials presented by us as special commissioners from the said Provisional Government to the Government of the United States of America for the purpose of negotiating a treaty between the said two governments by the terms of which full and complete political union may be secured between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands, and that you are now prepared to receive from us as such commissioners proposals in connection with the formation of such treaty for your consideration, we have the honor to state that, although we are invested by our Government with full discretionary power as to the terms of such treaty, subject to its final ratification, it is the desire of our Government that certain terms and conditions shall be incorporated in such treaty, and we hereby submit to you a general outline of such terms and conditions, viz: (1) That such treaty may secure full, complete, and perpetual political union between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands. (2) That the form of local government to be established in the Hawaiian Islands shall be substantially the form now existing in Territories of the United States, with such modifications, restrictions, and changes therein as the exigencies of the existing circumstances may require and as may be hereafter agreed upon. (3) That all appointments to office in the Hawaiian Islands shall be made from among persons who have lived in said islands for a term of not less than five years. (4) That the payment of the Hawaiian national debt, including the amounts due by the Government to depositor in the Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank shall be assumed by the Government of the United States of America. (5) That the lands located at the said Hawaiian Islands heretofore known as government lands and crown lands and all other government property, and all the proceeds thereof and receipts therefrom shall continue to be the property of the local government of the said islands, under whatever form it may be established, and all the proceeds thereof devoted to the purposes and uses of such local government. (6) That within a given period, say one year, or such other period as may be mutually agreed upon, the Government of the United States of America shall lay and thereafter maintain a telegraphic cable between the Pacific coast of the said United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands. (7) That the United States Government shall, so soon as is reasonably practicable, open the entrance to Pearl Harbor and establish a coaling and naval station adjacent thereto. (8) That articles, the produce or manufacture of the Hawaiian Islands, shall in all respects be treated and considered as products of the United States. 236 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. (9) That the United States laws now or hereafter to be enforced in the United States of America shall not be taken to prohibit at any time the introduction into the Hawaiian Islands of laborers who may be introduced exclusively for the purpose of agricultural labor and domestic service, and who by appropriate legislation shall be confined to such employment and to the Hawaiian Islands. (10) That contracts for labor under the Hawaiian labor-contract laws now existing, or which shall be entered into prior to the promulgation of notice of the final ratification of such treaty, shall not be abrogated, but shall continue in force to the end of the several terms thereof. That with the exception of such labor contracts no labor contracts shall hereafter be penally enforcible. (11) That all laws and the system of criminal and civil jurisprudence in force at the Hawaiian islands at the date of the ratification of such treaty, which are not specifically abrogated or modified by the terms of such treaty, or which are not inconsistent with the Constitution of the United States, shall remain in force until the same are regularly repealed by the appropriate authority. (12) That appropriate financial provision be made for the support of the ex-Queen Liliuokalani and the ex-heir presumptive Kaiuloni as long as they shall in good faith submit to the authority and abide by the laws of the government established by virtue of this treaty. We have, etc., L. A. THURSTON, W. C. WILDER, J. MARSDEN, WM. R. CASTLE, CHARLES L. CARTER, Special Commissioners of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. __________ No. 15. The Commissioners of the Hawaiian Provisional Government to Mr. Foster. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 11, 1893. (Rec'd Feb. 11.) SIR: The ex-Queen of Hawaii, Liliuokalani, having sent to the President of the United States a protest against the action of the Hawaiian Provisional Government, we beg to make a brief reply to the statements contained in such protest. The protest sets forth as the two main grounds of complaint the fact that certain of her subjects had revolted against her, aided by United States troops, and, secondly, that the Provisional Government had chartered the only available steamer at Honolulu, upon which they had sent commissioners to Washington and had refused to allow a representative from the Queen to come forward by the same steamer. Before replying to these two statements we call attention to the fact that the protest entirely suppresses the fact that the Queen herself had been guilty of an illegal act; that she had herself initiated violence, and that the action taken by the subjects who had, as she says, revolted against her was in resistance to her own attempted subversion of the constitution and laws of the land. As the fact that she did make such 237 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. an attempt with threats against her legal advisers, and with a show and preparation, is not denied by the Queen or anyone on her behalf, we submit that the omission of any reference to such undoubted facts, so radically essential to a proper understanding of the matter, properly tends to throw discredit upon the Queen's statements. In reply to the charge that United States troops assisted in the over-throw of the monarchy, we deny the statement most emphatically. A brief recital of the facts, without argument on our part, is amply sufficient to show the incorrectness of the charge made. Such facts are briefly these: First. At the time of the initiation of the trouble by the attempt of the Queen to submit the constitution and promulgate a new one, the American minister and the American ship-of-war Boston were both absent from Honolulu and had been for ten days previously thereto. Second. The first exhibition of force was made by the Queen on Saturday, the 14th of January, by the public parading of the entire military force, armed with repeating rifles and carrying a full supply of ball cartridges. The members of the police department were also armed. In addition thereto there were located at the palace and barracks and the police station an additional body of armed men to the number of 540 according to their own statement. This additional body of armed men was not authorized by law and was assembled contrary to a specific law of the Kingdom. Third. The first call to arms in opposition to the Queen was issued by the cabinet on the afternoon of January 14. Fourth. Although on Saturday, the 14th, Sunday, the 15th, and Monday, the 16th, the most intense feelings of hostility were publicly manifested between the adherents of the Queen on the one hand and the promoters of the movement for the establishment of a Provisional Government on the other, with every indication of an armed conflict which might be precipitated at any moment, it was not until 5 o'clock on Monday afternoon, the 16th of January, after the request had been made to the American minister by many American citizens, that the United States troops were landed. Fifth. Upon landing, a guard was posted at the American consulate and legation, and the remainder of the troops were quartered that night in a public hall hired for that purpose. Up to the time the commissioners left Honolulu at 9 o'clock on the morning of the 19th of January, all of the American troops had remained upon the premises where they were respectively located. No demonstration was made by the troops in any manner whatever. The uniform of the United States was not seen upon the streets, except upon the persons of the individual officers passing between the points at which troops were located in the execution of their own business. Sixth. At the time the Provisional Government took possession of the Government buildings, no American troops or officers were present or took part in such proceedings in any manner whatever. No public recognition was accorded the Provisional Government by the American minister until they were in possession of the Government buildings, the archives, and the treasury, supported by several hundred armed men, and after the abdication by the Queen and the surrender to the Provisional Government of her forces. It is submitted that the foregoing statement of facts amply meets the charge made by the Queen that American troops coerced her action in abdication. In reply to the second statement of the Queen, that the Provisional 238 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Government took the only vessel available to go to San Francisco and refused to allow her representative to come to San Francisco thereon, we beg to state that the charge is entirely incorrect. As a matter of fact, the Inter Island fleet of steamers consists of twenty vessels, all of which, with two exceptions, were built abroad and navigated to the islands. Of such vessels at least ten are as fully capable of making the trip to San Francisco as was the vessel chartered and dispatched by the Provisional Government. As the Provisional Government had allowed a mail to be sent by the chartered steamer, they did not consider that there was any reason for financially assisting the Queen in forwarding to Washington an agent hostile to the Government and its objects. So far as is known to the commissioners, there is no reason why the Queen should not have chartered a steamer at Honolulu and forwarded an agent to San Francisco thereon if she had desired so to do. Certainly there was nothing done by the Provisional Government to prevent her doing so. With assurances of the highest consideration, etc., L. A. THURSTON, W. C. WILDER, WM. N. CASTLE, J. MARSDEN, CHARLES L. CARTER, Commissioners of the Hawaiian Provisional Government. __________ No. 16. Mr. Carter to Mr. Foster. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 11, 1893. (Received February 11, 1893.) SIR: In response to your request for information on the subjects of the resources of the ex-Queen and the Princess Kauilani, the public lands, and the islands and dependencies of the Hawaiians, the inclosed statements have been prepared from such sources of information as were available to the commission, and are submitted for the use of your Department. With assurance of esteem, I am, etc., CHARLES L. CARTER. ____ [Inclosure 1.] RESOURCES OF THE QUEEN AND PRINCESS KAIULANI. The Queen.--The private resources of the ex-Queen are not definitely known, further than that she has some valuable lands, productive and unproductive, and that she was the sole devisee of her late husband, John O. Dominis, whose estate was appraised at $20,000 in the probate court; probably her private in- come is in the neighborhood, per annum, of................................................................$5,000 The public supplies for the sovereign for the current biennial period ending March, 1891, were as follows: Her Majesty's privy purse...................................................................................................33,332 Her Majesty's household expenses.....................................................................................10,000 State entertainments............................................................................................................. 4,000 239 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. The Crown lands.--The agent of the commissioners of Crown lands informed Mr. Carter a few weeks ago that the net revenue was between $55,000 and $60,000; gross revenue, estimated...................................................................................$60,000 No accounts are kept available to the public. The ex-Queen was born on the 2d day of September, 1838, and is now in her fifty-fourth year. The Princess Kaiulani (born October 16, 1875, and now in her eighteenth year). The accounts of the guardian of this lady, filed annually in the probate court, to the best recollection of the commissioners, show an annual income from private sources of................................................................................................................. 4,000 The public supplies appropriated for the current biennial period were: Direct allowance..................................................................................................................... 10,000 Traveling expenses................................................................................................................. 4,000 _____ [Inclosure 2.] STATEMENT OF PUBLIC LANDS. Crown lands.--These lands are those set apart for the maintenance of the royal state of Hawaiian sovereigns. They have been the subject of legislation from time to time. Three commissioners are empowered to lease them for terms not to exceed thirty years. The net revenue is paid to the sovereign. These lands are situated on all of the main islands and comprise some of the finest tracts in the country. Total area, 876,000 acres. (See Report Minister of the Interior, 1890, p. 293.) Government lands.--These lands were set apart to assist in defraying the expense of maintaining organized government. They have been in the care of the minister of the interior, subject to sale or lease at his discretion, with checks providing for publicity, due notice of disposal, etc. Total area, 875,500 acres. School lands.--These were set apart for industrial purposes, and were for the greater part supplanted by Government bonds, as set forth in note to statement of public debt. There remain about 200 school sites of from one-fourth of an acre to 5 acres, and two tracts of about 2,000 acres. _____ [Inclosure 3.] The Hawaiian Islands and dependencies. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ | | Name. | Area. | Population, | | 1890. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Hawaii...............................................................................................| 4,210 | 26,754 Maui..................................................................................................| 760 | 17,357 Oahu..................................................................................................| 600 | 31,194 Kauai.................................................................................................| 590 | 11,643 Molokai.............................................................................................| 270 | 2,632 Lanai.................................................................................................| 150 | 174 Niihau...............................................................................................| 97 | 216 Kahoolawe........................................................................................| 63 | Nominal. Nihoa or Bird Island.......................................................................| Not surveyed | Do. Johnsons or Cornwalls...................................................................|........do.............| Do. Neckers.............................................................................................|........do.............| Do. French Frigate Shoals....................................................................|........do.............| Do. Brothers Reef...................................................................................|........do.............| Do. Garden Island...................................................................................|........do.............| Do. Allens Reef.......................................................................................|........do.............| Do. Laysans Island.................................................................................|........do.............| Do. Lisiansky Island..............................................................................|........do.............| Do. Philadelphia or Bunkers...............................................................|........do.............| Do. Pearl or Hermes Reef.....................................................................|........do.............| Do. Middle Island (Midway or Brooks Island)..................................|........do.............| Do. Ocean Island....................................................................................|........do.............| Do. Palmyra Island...............................................................................|........do.............| Do. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ And all outlying and adjoining reefs, atolls, islets, and unnamed islands. 240