HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. No. 17. Mr. Tracy to Mr. Foster. NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, February 11, 1893. (Received February 11.) SIR: I have the honor to transmit for your information a copy of a translation of a cipher dispatch received this date from the commanding officer of the U. S. S. Boston , at Honolulu, Hawaii. Very respectfully, B. F. TRACY. Secretary of the Navy. ______ [Inclosure-telegram.] Mr. Wiltse to Mr. Tracy. HONOLULU, February 1, 1893. (San Francisco, Cal., February 10.) Capt. Wiltse reports that no change has occurred in the situation and that until the Government of Hawaii expresses a desire to have the forces withdrawn, and the minister approves such desire a battalion will be kept ashore for the protection of the lives and property of citizens of the United States in the island; he reports the progress of the Hawaiian Government which is daily gaining ground and has organized forces; he announces that the minister plenipotentiary of the United States placed the Government of Hawaii under the protection of the United States, during negotiations not interfering with the execution of public affairs, on this day at 9 a. m. in accordance with the request of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, and says that he has sent telegrams of the minister to the Secretary of State. __________ No. 18. Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, February 11, 1893. SIR: Your cipher telegram, dated the 1st instant, and transmitted through the Navy Department's good offices, was received here at 4:30 p. m. on the 9th instant. You therein make the following important statement: To-day, at 9 a.m., in accordance with the request of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, I have placed government of Hawaii under the United States protection during negotiation, not interfering with the execution of public affairs. The precise character and scope of the act thus announced by you do not appear from this brief recital. The press, however, prints full details of the occurrences of the 1st instant, as telegraphed from San Francisco on the arrival of the mail steamer Australia at that port on the morning of the 9th, and I therein find what purports, with appearance of general correctness, to be the text of a proclamation issued by you on the 1st instant, which reads as follows: By authority to the Hawaiian people: At the request of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, I hereby, in the name of the United States of America, assume protection of the Hawaiian Islands for the protection of life and property, and occupation of the public buildings 241 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. and Hawaiian soil, so far as may be necessary for the purpose specified, but not interfering with the administration of public affairs by the Provisional Government. This action is taken pending and subject to negotiations at Washington. JOHN L. STEVENS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States. UNITED STATES LEGATION, February 1, 1893. Approved and executed by C. C. Wiltse, captain, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Boston. The manner and degree of the execution of your proclamation by the naval force are not related with particularity in a brief telegraphic report just received from Capt. Wiltse. He merely says: To-day at 9 a.m. in accordance with request of Provisional Government of Hawaii, the United States minister plenipotentiary placed the Government of Hawaii under United States protection, during negotiations, not interfering with the execution of public affairs. It appears from the press reports that the ceremonial for the execution of your orders consisted in the landing of a battalion from the Boston, its formation at the Government building in concert with three volunteer companies of the Provisional Government, the reading of your proclamation by Lieut. Rush, and the hoisting of the United States flag over the Government building. The Hawaiian flag on other public buildings in Honolulu is stated not to have been disturbed. The phraseology of your proclamation in announcing your action in assumption of protection of the Hawaiian islands in the name of the United States would appear to be tantamount to the assumption of a protectorate over those islands in behalf of the United States with all the rights and obligations which the term implies. To this extent it goes beyond the necessities of the situation and the instructions heretofore given you. Your existing instructions, and those under which the commanders of naval vessels of the United States acted, were and are ample to provide all legitimate material protection in case of need, either in your discretion or at the request of the duly constituted authorities of the Hawaiian Islands, for the lives and property of American citizens endangered or menaced, or for the prevention of lawless and tumultuous acts of disturbance of the public peace and safety. The accordance of such measures of protection, or the unsolicited taking of the needful precautions to those ends is, however, not to be confounded with the establishment of a protectorate, which is in fact the positive erection of a paramount authority over or in place of the duly constituted local government, and the assumption, by the protector, of the especial responsibilities attached to such formal protection. It is not thought probable that the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, in soliciting protection, contemplated more than the cooperation of the moral and material forces of the United States to strengthen its own authority and power, as a recognized sovereign Government, for the protection of life and property, as stated in your proclamation. Such a decree of protection you were, as I have said, already fully competent to accord, or to exercise in your discretion, in case of need. Your proclamation expresses no reservation as to confirmation of your action by the Government of the United States. Its provisos are, that the assumed function of protection is to be exercised so far as may be necessary for the specified purpose of protecting life and property, without interference with the administration of public affairs by the Provisional Government, and that the action in question "is taken pending F R 94--APP II----16 242 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. and subject to negotiations at Washington." These qualifications are entirely in the line of my views of the scope and intent of the request made to you by the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. The omission of reference to the necessary sanction of the Government of the United States is immaterial, for its function of revision and confirmation or disavowal of the acts of its agents is inherent and exercisable at its discretion.. So far, therefore, as your action amounts to according, at the request of the de facto sovereign Government of the Hawaiian Islands, the cooperation of the moral and material forces of the United States for the protection of life and property from apprehended disorders, your action is commended. But so far as it may appear to overstep that limit by setting the authority and power of the United States above that of the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, in the capacity of protector, or to impair in anyway the independent sovereignty of the Hawaiian Government by substituting the flag and power of the United States as the symbol and manifestation of paramount authority, it is disavowed. Instructions will be sent to the commanding officers of the United States naval forces in the Hawaiian Islands confirming and renewing the instructions heretofore given them under which they are authorized and directed to cooperate with you for the preservation of American life and property, and the maintenance of good order in case of need. Your own instructions in the same sense are continued. You are accordingly authorized, upon the receipt of these instructions, to arrange with the commanding naval officer for the continued presence on shore of such marine force as may be practicable and requisite for the security of the lives and property interests of citizens of the United States, and the repression of lawlessness and public disturbance threatening them, whenever in your judgment it shall be necessary so to do, or when such cooperative measures may be sought for good cause by the Government of the Hawaiian Islands; being, however, always careful to make due discrimination between those functions of voluntary or accorded protection and the assumption of a protectorate over the Hawaiian Islands by the United States. No step should be taken by you, or will be sanctioned by this Government, which might tend to derogate in anyway from the independence of the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, which the United States have recognized as sovereign and with which they treat on terms of sovereign equality. A telegraphic instruction briefly outlining the substance of this dispatch, will be sent to you, by way of San Francisco, by the mail steamer sailing from that port on the 15th instant. I am, sir, etc., JOHN W. FOSTER. __________ No. 19. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster. No 82.] UNITED STATES LEGATION, Honolulu, February 1, 1893. (Received February 14, 5 p.m.) SIR: Everything is moving on here quietly. The Provisional Government is discharging its responsibilities with firmness, discretion, 243 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. and in the spirit of conciliation and magnanimity. The annexation sentiment has constantly increased since the departure of the Commissioners for Washington, and with healthful earnestness is taking possession of all classes. Nearly all the Germans, the larger proportion of the respectable and responsible English, and almost the entire Portuguese population are warmly for annexation. This inclination of the Portuguese is quite important, for they number seven or eight thousand, and are among the most industrious and saving. As to terms of annexation I still adhere firmly to the opinion expressed in my dispatch 74, that the sugar bounty to be paid to the Hawaiian sugar planters should be limited to 6 mills per pound, $12 per ton on Hawaiian sugar, while the Hawaiian planters get twice the amount per acre that the Louisiana planters do, on the average, and as I said in my dispatch 74, the consensus of opinion among the leading planters here, obtained by me five or six months since, was and is that $12 per ton bounty will place all the Hawaiian plantations worth maintaining on the road of financial safety and success. As to the form of government for the islands I now only vary from views expressed in my 74 as to incline strongly to the opinion that the beginning should be substantially like that of President Jefferson and Congress in respect of Louisiana, in the act of 1804 (page 283, United States Statutes at Large), only differing from that by providing in addition to governor, attorney-general, a commissioner of finance, and commissioner of the interior, and a legislative council of thirteen or fourteen, all to be appointed by the President, unless it should be deemed best for the governor to appoint attorney-general and the commissioners of finance and of the interior, who would be practically a cabinet of three to aid the governor to carry on the government. This plan and method of government could be maintained as a transition government until experience should prove it best to change to a more popular form. In the meantime the responsible voters would rapidly increase, and American ideas and interests would gain in force and volume. My private consultation with the Provisional Government since the departure of the commissioners for Washington has led us to think highly of the Jefferson act of 1804 for Louisiana as a transition expedient for Hawaii. This would cause no shock, and would allow affairs to move along on safe and conservative lines until time and experience demand something better. It would be fortunate to have such a man as Sanford B. Dole, the present head of the Provisional Government, the first American governor of Hawaii. As to liquidation of all political claims of the fallen Queen and the crown princess, may I be allowed to suggest that the spirit and import of the March treaty plan of 1854 had better be adopted, which authorized the expenditure of $100,000 for like purposes. I therefore suggest, that if a liquidation of this kind be now under consideration and $150,000 should be allowed as the total sum for this purpose, $70,000 should go to the fallen Queen, Liliuokalani, and $70,000 to the crown princess, Kaiulani, and $5,000 to each of the two young princes. The last named, the two princes, are harmless young persons, of little account, not chiefs by blood, but they were made princes by the late King Kalakaua, without any constitutional right or power to do so, the then boys being nephews of his wife, Kapiolani. Should the entire sum 244 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. granted for these pruposes be greater or less than $150,000 I advise that the above specified proportions be maintained. As to the native Hawaiians and their native leaders at this time, things are tending favorably toward annexation. Mr. Kauhane, for many years a member of the legislature, and regarded, for many years, the best native in the islands in public life, a noble in the recent session of that body, is earnest for annexation. So is Mr. Kauhi, a member of the legislature, from this island. Hon. John W. Kalua, the ablest native lawyer in the islands, years a member of former legislatures, from the important island of Maui, thinks the fall of the Queen and the extinction of the monarchy a boon to Hawaii, and he is for annexation. Robert W. Wilcox, the half-white native, who led the Hawaiian revolt in 1889, which came so near being successful, is now for annexation. He was educated in Italy, at a military school, is 37 years of age, his father being a citizen of Rhode Island, and, it is said, is still living in that State. This Wilcox has more fighting ability than any other native Hawaiian, and will be proud to become an American citizen, and at a future time to serve in the Army or civil service of the United States. The ablest of the native Hawaiian Christian ministers are strong in their American sympathies. The pastor of the large native Hawaiian church in this city, a native Hawaiian, is for annexation earnestly. The other large Hawaiian congregation and church in Honolulu has a favorite pastor, born here of American parentage, whose quiet influence is in the same direction. The native newspaper of much the largest circulation in the islands advocates annexation, stands by the Provisional Government, and is losing none of its circulation. The main part of the opponents of annexation are the lower class of natives, led by unscrupulous foreigners, of little property, mostly from California, Australia, and Canada, who wish to maintain the Hawiianmonarchy and its corruptions for their own unworthy purposes, and who think their opportunities for power and spoliation will be gone if annexation becomes a fact. The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe, and this is the golden hour for the United Sttes to pluck it. If annexation does not take place promptly, or is held in doubt and suspense for six or ten months, there certainly will be here a revulsion to despair, and these people, by their necessities, might be forced toward becoming a British colony, for the English here of the monarchical type would then avail themselves of their opportunity and stir up all possible opposition to annexation. The wealthiest Englishman of these islands has to-day called at this legation, and no man in Hawaii is more earnest for annexation. His two sons, large business men, are with him in this regard, and the next wealthy old British resident, a Scotchman by birth, is with the first man named for annexaion. I can not otherwise than urge prompt action at Washington. I am, sir, etc., JOHN L. STEVENS. 245 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. No. 20. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster. No. 84.] UNITED STATES LEGATION, Honolulu, February 1, 1893. (Received February 14, 5 p.m.) SIR: To-day the undersigned and Capt. Wiltse of the Boston are compelled to assume a grave responsibility. The inclosed copies of official notes will explain the reasons which have led to this action on our part. I have time before the departure of the mail steamer only to state briefly the additional reasons which caused us to assume temporary protectorate of these islands. The Provisional Government must have time to organize a new police and to discipline a small military force. When the monarchy died by its own hand, there was no military force in the islands but the royal guard of about 75 natives, not in effective force equal to 20 American soldiers. These were promptly discharged by the Provisional Government, except 16 left as the guard of the fallen Queen at her house. The white men here, as well as the natives, have not been much accustomed to the use of arms. There are scarcely any men familiar with military discipline. Companies are now being organized and drilled. They must have a few weeks for drill. Only a small force of a few hundred will be required, but these must be disciplined men. So far the Provisional Government has been sustained by the uprising and union of the business men and best citizens. Bankers, merchants, clerks, professional men, respectable mechanics have stood manfully by the new Government and kept guard by night. This kind of defense must give place to a small, reliable military force. time is the necessity of the new Government. There are 40,000 Chinese and Japanese on the islands, and evil-disposed persons might stir some of them to disorder. But the chief elements of evil are in Honolulu, where are the renegade whites at the head of the lottery and opium rings, and a considerable number of hoodlum foreigners and the more vicious of the natives. Another important reason for our action is the possibility of the arrival here of a British war vessel, and that the English minister here, thus aided, might try to press unduly the Provisional Government. With the islands under our protection we think the English minister will not attempt to insist that his Government has the right to interfere while our flag is over the Government building. This is all I have time to write before the departure of the mail. We shall continue to maintain our present position with great caution and firmness until we hear from the President through the Secretary of State. As a necessary precaution against all contingencies, I advise that Admiral Skerrett be promptly sent here with one or two ships in addition to the Boston. I am, sir, etc., JOHN L. STEVENS. (One or two of the preceding numbers of the dispatches by this mail were written prior to this date, but they were dated February 1 because this is the day of the steamer's departure.) 246 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. [Inclosure 1.] Mr. Stevens to Capt. Wiltse. UNITED STATES LEGATION, Honolulu, February, 1, 1893. SIR: The Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands having duly and officially expressed, to the undersigned, the fear that said Government may be unable to protect life and property and to prevent civil disorder in Honolulu, the capital of said Hawaiian Islands, request that the flag of the United States may be raised for the protection of the Hawaiian Islands, and to that end confer on the United States, through the undersigned, freedom of occupation of the public buildings of the Hawaiian Government and the soil of the Hawaiian Islands, so far as may be necessary for the exercise of such protection, but not interfering with the administration of the public affairs by said provisional government. I hereby ask you to comply with the terms and spirit of the request of the Hawaiian Provisional Government, and to that end to use all the force at your command, in the exercise of your best judgment and discretion, you and myself awaiting instructions from the United States Government at Washington. I am, sir, etc., JOHN L. STEVENS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States. Capt. G. C. WILTSE, Commander of the U. S. Ship Boston. _____ [Inclosure 2.] The Hawaiian Provisional Government to Mr. Stevens. SIR: Believing that we are unable to satisfactorily protect life and property, and to prevent civil disorders in Honolulu and throughout the Hawaiian Islands, we hereby, in obedience to the instructions of the advisory council, pray that you will raise the flag of the United States for the protection of the Hawaiian Islands for the time being, and to that end we hereby confer upon the Government of the United States, through you, freedom of occupation of the public buildings of this Government, and of the soil of this country, so far as may be necessary for the exercise of such protection, but not interfering with the administration of public affairs by this Government. We have, etc., SANFORD B. DOLE, President of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. J. A. KING, Minister of Interior. P. C. JONES, Minister of Finance. WILLIAM O. SMITH, Attorney-General. His Excellency JOHN L. STEVENS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States. ____________ No. 21. Constitution of the Hawaiian Islands, signed by His Majesty Kalakaua, July 6, and promulgated July 7, 1887. CONSTITUTION. Whereas the constitution of this Kingdom heretofore in force contains many provisions subversive of civil rights and incompatible with enlightened constitutional government; And whereas it has become imperative, in order to restore order and tranquility and the confidence necessary to a further maintenance 247 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. of the present government, that a new constitution should be at once promulgated: Now, therefore, I, Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands, in my capacity as Sovereign of this Kingdom, and as the representative of the people hereunto by them duly authorized and empowered, do annul and abrogate the constitution promulgated by Kamehameha the Fifth, on the 20th day of August, A. D. 1864, and do proclaim and promulgate this constitution. ARTICLE 1. God hath endowed all men with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the right of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and of pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness. ARTICLE 2. All men are free to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences; but this sacred privilege hereby secured shall not be so construed as to justify acts of licentiousness, or practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the Kingdom. ARTICLE 3. All men may freely speak, write, and publish their sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right, and no law shall be enacted to restrain the liberty of speech or of the press. ARTICLE 4. All men shall have the right, in an orderly and peaceable manner, to assemble, without arms, to consult upon the common good, and to petition the King or legislature for redress of grievances. ARTICLE 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus belongs to all men, and shall not be suspended unless by the King when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety shall require its suspension. ARTICLE 6. No person shall be subject to punishment for any offense except on due and legal conviction thereof in a court having jurisdiction of the case. ARTICLE 7. No person shall be held to answer for any crime or offense (except in cases of impeachment or for offenses within the jurisdiction of a police or district justice, or in summary proceedings for contempt) unless upon indictment, fully and plainly describing such crime or offense, and shall have the right to meet the witnesses who are produced against him face to face; to produce witnesses and proofs in his own favor; and by himself or his counsel, at his election, to examine the witnesses produced by himself, and cross-examine those produced against him, and to be fully heard in his own defence. In all cases in which the right of trial by jury has been heretofore used it shall be held inviolable forever, except in actions of debt or assumpsit in which the amount claimed is less than fifty dollars. ARTICLE 8. No person shall be required to answer again for an offense of which he has been duly convicted or of which he has been duly acquitted. ARTICLE 9. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. ARTICLE 10. No person shall sit as a judge or juror in any case in which his relative, by affinity, or by consanguinity within the third degree, is interested, either as plaintiff or defendant, or in the issue of which the said judge or juror may have, either directly or through such relative, any pecuniary interest. ARTICLE 11. Involuntary servitude, except for crime, is forever prohibited in this Kingdom. Whenever a slave shall enter Hawaiian territory he shall be free. ARTICLE 12. Every person has the right to be secure from all un- 248 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. reasonable searches and seizures of his person, his house, his papers, and effects; and no warrants shall issue except on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ARTICLE 13. The Government is conducted for the common good, and not for the profit, honor, or private interest of any one man, family, or class of men. ARTICLE 14. Each member of society has a right to be protected in the enjoyment of his life, liberty, and property, according to law; and, therefore, he shall be obliged to contribute his proportional share to the expense of this protection, and to give his personal services, or an equivalent when necessary. Private property may be taken for public use, but only upon due process of law and just compensation. ARTICLE 15. No subsidy, duty, or tax, of any description, shall be established or levied without the consent of the legislature; nor shall any money be drawn from the public treasury without such consent, except when, between the sessions of the legislature, the emergencies of war, invasion, rebellion, pestilence, or other public disaster shall arise, and then not without the concurrence of all the cabinet, and of a majority of the whole privy council; and the minister of finance shall render a detailed account of such expenditure to the legislature. ARTICLE 16. No retrospective laws shall ever be enacted. ARTICLE 17. The military shall always be subject to the laws of the land; and no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by the legislature. ARTICLE 18. Every elector shall be privileged from arrest on election days, during his attendance at election, and in going to and returning therefrom, except in case of treason, felony, or breach of the peace. ARTICLE 19. No elector shall be so obliged to perform military duty on the day of election, as to prevent his voting, except in time of war or public danger. ARTICLE 20. The supreme power of the Kingdom, in its exercise, is divided into the executive, legislative, and judicial; these shall always be preserved distinct, and no executive or judicial officer, or any contractor, or employee of the Government, or any person in the receipt of salary or emolument from the Government, shall be eligible to election to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom, or to hold the position of an elective member of the same. And no member of the legislature shall, during the time for which he is elected, be appointed to any civil office under the Government, except that of a member of the cabinet. ARTICLE 21. The Government of this Kingdom is that of a constitutional monarchy, under His Majesty Kalakaua, his heirs and successors. ARTICLE 22. The crown is hereby permanently confirmed to His Majesty Kalakaua, and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten, and to their lawful descendants in a direct line; failing whom, the crown shall descend to Her Royal Highness the Princess Liliuokalani, and the heirs of her body lawfully begotten, and their lawful descendants in a direct line. The succession shall be to the senior male child, and to the heirs of his body; failing a male child, the succession shall be to the senior female child, and to the heirs of her body. In case there is no heir as above provided, the successor shall be the person whom the sovereign shall appoint, with the consent of the nobles, and publicly proclaim during the sovereign's life; but should there be no such ap- 249 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. pointment and proclamation, and the throne should become vacant, then the cabinet, immediately after the occurring of such vacancy, shall cause a meeting of the legislature, who shall elect by ballot some native Alii of the Kingdom as successor to the throne; and the successor so elected shall become a new stirps for a royal family; and the succession from the sovereign thus elected shall be regulated by the same law as the present royal family of Hawaii. ARTICLE 23. It shall not be lawful for any member of the royal family of Hawaii who may by law succeed to the throne, to contract marriage without the consent of the reigning sovereign. Every marriage so contracted shall be void, and the person so contracting a marriage, may, by the proclamation of the reigning sovereign, be declared to have forfeited his or her right to the throne; and after such proclamation, the right of succession shall vest in the next heir as though such offender were dead. ARTICLE 24. His Majesty Kalakaua will, and his successor shall, take the following oath: I solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, to maintain the constitution of the Kingdom whole and inviolate, and to govern in conformity therewith. ARTICLE 25. No person shall ever sit upon the throne who has been convicted of any infamous crime, or who is insane or an idiot. ARTICLE 26. The King is the commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of all other military forces of the Kingdom, by sea and land; but he shall never proclaim war without the consent of the legislature; and no military or naval force shall be organized except by the authority of the legislature. ARTICLE 27. The King, by and with the advice of his privy council, and with the consent of the cabinet, has the power to grant reprieves and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses, except in case of impeachment. ARTICLE 28. The King convenes the legislature at the seat of Government, or at a different place, if that should become insecure from an enemy or any dangerous disorder, and prorogues the same; and in any great emergency he may, with the advice of the privy council, convene the legislature in extraordinary session. ARTICLE 29. The King has the power to make treaties. Treaties involving changes in the tariff, or in any law of the Kingdom, shall be referred fro approval to the legislature. The King appoints public ministers, who shall be commissioned, accredited, and instructed agreeably to the usage and law of nations. ARTICLE 30. It is the King's prerogative to receive and acknowledge public ministers; to inform the legislature by royal message, from time to time, of the state of the Kingdom; and to recommend to its consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. ARTICLE 31. The person of the King is inviolable and sacred. His ministers are responsible. To the King and the cabinet belongs the executive power. All laws that have passed the legislature shall require his majesty's signature in order to their validity, except as provided in Article 48. ARTICLE 32. Whenever, upon the decease of the reigning sovereign, the heir shall be less than eighteen years of age, the royal power shall be exercised by a regent or council of regency, as hereinafter provided. ARTICLE 33. It shall be lawful for the King, at any time when he may be about to absent himself from the Kingdom, to appoint a regent or council of regency, who shall administer the Government in is name; and likewise the King may, by his last will and testament, appoint a 250 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. regent or council of regency to administer the Government during the minority of any heir to the throne; and should a sovereign decease, leaving a minor heir, and having made no last will and testament, the cabinet at the time of such decease shall be a council of regency, until the legislature, which shall be called immediately, be assembled; and the legislature, immediately that it is assembled, shall proceed to choose by ballot a regent or council of regency, who shall administer the Government in the name of the King, and exercise all the powers which are constitutionally vested in the King, until such heir shall have attained the age of eighteen years, which age is declared to be the legal majority of such sovereign. ARTICLE 34. The King is sovereign of all the chiefs and of all the people. ARTICLE 35. All titles of honor, orders, and other distinctions emanate from the King. ARTICLE 36. The King coins money and regulates the currency by law. ARTICLE 37. The king, in case of invasion or rebellion, can place the whole kingdom, or any part of it, under martial law. ARTICLE 38. The national ensign shall not be changed except by act of the legislature. ARTICLE 39. The King can not be sued or held to account in any court or tribunal of the Kingdom. ARTICLE 40. There shall continue to be a council of state for advising the King in all matters for the good of the state wherein he may require its advice, which council shall be called the King's privy council of state, and the members thereof shall be appointed by the King, to hold office during his majesty's pleasure, and which council shall have and exercise only such powers as are given to it by the constitution. ARTICLE 41. The cabinet shall consist of the minister of foreign affairs, the minister of the interior, the minister of finance, and the attorney-general, and they shall be his majesty's special advisers in the executive affairs of the Kingdom; and they shall be ex-officio members of his majesty's privy council of state. They shall be appointed and commissioned by the King, and shall be removed by him only upon a vote of want of confidence passed by a majority of all the elective members of the legislature or upon conviction of felony,and shall be subject to impeachment. No act of the King shall have any effect unless it be countersigned by a member of the cabinet, who by that signature makes himself responsible. ARTICLE 42. Each member of the cabinet shall keep an office at the seat of Government, and shall be accountable for the conduct of his deputies and clerks. The cabinet holds seats ex-officio in the legislature with the right to vote, except on a question of confidence in them. ARTICLE 43. The minister of finance shall present to the legislature in the name of the Government, on the first day of each biennial session, the financial budget, in the Hawaiian and English languages. ARTICLE 44. The legislative power of the Kingdom is vested in the King and the legislature, which shall consist of the nobles and representatives sitting together. ARTICLE 45. The legislative body shall be styled the legislature of Hawaiian Kingdom and shall assemble biennially in the month of May. The first regular session shall be held in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and eighty-eight. ARTICLE 46. Every member of the legislature shall take the follow- 251 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. ing oath: I solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will faithfully support the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom and conscientiously and impartially discharge my duties as a member of the legislature. ARTICLE 47. The legislature has full power and authority to amend the constitution as hereinafter provided; and from time to time to make all manner of wholesome laws not repugnant to the constitution. ARTICLE 48. Every bill which shall have passed the legislature shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the King. If he approve, he shall sign it, and it shall thereby become a law; but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to the legislature, which shall enter the objections at large on their journal and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration it shall be approved by a two thirds vote of all the elective members of the legislature it shall become a law. In all such cases the votes shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of the legislature. If any bill shall not be returned by the King within ten days (Sundays excepted_ after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. ARTICLE 49. The legislature shall be the judge of the qualifications of its own members, except as may hereafter be provided by law, and a majority shall be constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as the legislature may provide. ARTICLE 50. The legislature shall choose its own officers and determine the rules of its own proceedings. ARTICLE 51. The legislature shall have authority to punish by imprisonment, not exceeding thirty days, every person not a member who shall be guilty of disrespect to the legislature by any disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence; or who, during the time of its sitting, shall publish any false report of its proceedings, or insulting comments upon the same; or who shall threaten harm to the body or estate of any of its members for anything said or done in the legislature; or who shall assault any of them therefor, or who shall assault or arrest any witness, or other person ordered to attend the legislature, on his way going or returning; or who shall rescue any person arrested by order of the legislature. ARTICLE 52. The legislature may punish its own members for disorderly behavior. ARTICLE 53. The legislature shall keep a journal of its proceedings; and the yeas and nays of the members, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. ARTICLE 54. The members of the legislature shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of the legislature and in going to and returning from the same; provided such privilege as to going and returning shall not cover a period of over twenty days; and they shall not be held to answer for any speech or debate made in the legislature, in any court or place whatsoever. ARTICLE 55. The representatives shall receive for their services a compensation to be determined by law, and paid out of the public treasury, but no increase of compensation shall take effect during the biennial term in which it shall have been made; and no law shall be passed 252 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. increasing the compensation of representatives beyond the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars each for each biennial term. ARTICLE 56. A noble shall be a subject of the Kingdom, who shall have attained the age of twenty-five years and resided in the Kingdom three years, and shall be the owner of taxable property in this Kingdom of the value of three thousands dollars over and above all encumbrances, or in receipt of an income of not less than six hundred dollars per annum. ARTICLE 57. The nobles shall be a court with full and sole authority to hear and determine all impeachments made by the representatives, as the grand inquest to the Kingdom, against any officers of the Kingdom, for misconduct or maladministration in their offices; but previous to the trial of every impeachment the nobles shall respectfully be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question according to evidence and law. Their judgment, however, shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honor, trust, or profit under this Government; but the party so convicted shall be nevertheless, liable to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to the laws of the land. ARTICLE 58. Twenty-four nobles shall be elected as follows: Six from the island of Hawaii; six from the islands of Maui, Molokai, and Lanai; nine from the island of Oahu; and three from the islands of Kauai and Niihau. At the first election held under this constitution the nobles shall be elected to serve until the general election to the legislature for the year of our Lord 1890, at which election, and thereafter, the nobles shall be elected at the same time and places as the representatives. At the election for the year of our Lord 1890, one-third of the nobles from each of the divisions aforesaid shall be elected for two years, and one-third for four years, and one-third for six years, and the electors shall ballot for them for such terms, respectively; and at all subsequent general elections they shall be elected for six years. The nobles shall serve without pay. ARTICLE 59. Every male resident of the Hawaiian Islands, of Hawaiian, American, or European birth or descent, who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have paid his taxes, and shall have caused his name to be entered on the list of voters for nobles for his district, shall be an elector of nobles, and shall be entitled to vote at any election of nobles: Provided-- First. That he shall have resided in the country not less than three years, and in the district in which he offers to vote not less than three months immediately preceding the election at which he offers to vote. Second. That he shall own and be possessed, in his own right, of taxable property in this country of the value of not less than three thousand dollars over and above all encumbrances, or shall have actually received an income of not less than six hundred dollars during the year next preceding his registration for such election. Third. That he shall be able to read and comprehend an ordinary newspaper printed in either the Hawaiian , English, or some European language. Fourth. That he shall have taken an oath to support the constitution and laws, such oath to be administered by any person authorized to administer oaths, or by any inspector of elections: Provided, however, That the requirements of a three years' residence and of ability to read and comprehend an ordinary newspaper, printed either in the Hawaiian, English, or some European language, shall not apply to persons residing in the Kingdom at the time of the promulga- 253 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. tion of this constitution, if they shall] register and vote at the first election which shall be held under this constitution. ARTICLE 60. There shall be twenty-four representatives of the people elected biennially, except those first elected under this constitution, who shall serve until the general election for the year of our Lord 1890. The representation shall be based upon the principles of equality and shall be regulated and apportioned by the legislature according to the population, to be ascertained from time to time by the official census. But until such apportionment by the legislature, the apportionment now established by law shall remain in force, with the following exceptions, namely, there shall be but two representatives for the districts of Hilo and Puna on the island of Hawaii, but one for the districts of Lahaina and Kaanapali on the island of Maui, and but one for the districts of Koolauloa and Waialua on the island of Oahu. ARTICLE 61. No person shall be eligible as a representative of the people unless he be a male subject of the Kingdom who shall have arrived at the full age of twenty-one years; who shall know how to read and write either the Hawaiian, English, or some European language; who shall understand accounts; who shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom for at least three years, the last of which shall be the year immediately preceding his election; and who shall own real estate within the Kingdom of a clear value over and above all encumbrances of at least five hundred dollars; or who shall have an annual income of at least two hundred and fifty dollars, derived from any property or some lawful employment. ARTICLE 62. Every male resident of the Kingdom of Hawaiian, American, or European birth or descent, who shall have taken an oath to support the constitution and laws in the manner provided for electors of nobles; who shall have paid his taxes; who shall have attained the age of twenty years, and shall have been domiciled in the Kingdom of one year immediately preceding the election. and shall know how to read and write either the Hawaiian, English, or some European language (if born since the year 1840), and shall have caused his name to be entered on the list of voters of his district as may be provided by law, shall be entitled to one vote for the representative or representatives of that district, provided, however, that the requirements of being domiciled in the Kingdom for one year immediately preceding the election, and of knowing how to read and write, either the Hawaiian, English, or some European language, shall not apply to persons residing in this Kingdom at the time of the promulgation of this constitution, if they shall register and vote at the first election which shall be held under this constitution. ARTICLE 63. No person shall sit as a noble or representative in the legislature unless elected under, and in conformity with, the provisions of this constitution. The property or income qualification of representatives, of nobles, and of electors of nobles, may be increased by law; and a property or income qualification of electors of representatives may be created and altered by law. ARTICLE 64. The judicial power of the Kingdom shall be vested in one supreme court and in such inferior courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. ARTICLE 65. The supreme court shall consist of a chief justice, and not less than two associate justices, any of whom may hold the court. The justices of the supreme court shall hold their offices during good behavior, subject to removal upon impeachment, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office: Provided, however, 254 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. That any judge of the supreme court or any other court of record may be removed from office, on a resolution passed by two-thirds of all the members of the legislature, for good cause shown to the satisfaction of the King. The judge against whom the legislature may be about to proceed shall receive notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged for his removal, at least ten days before the day on which the legislature shall act thereon. He shall be heard before the legislature. ARTICLE 66. The judicial power shall be divided among the supreme court and the several inferior courts of the Kingdom in such manner as the legislature may from time to time prescribe, and the tenure of office in the inferior courts of the Kingdom shall be such as may be defined by the law creating them. ARTICLE 67. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under the constitution and laws of the Kingdom and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority, to all cases effecting public ministers and consuls, and to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. ARTICLE 68. The chief justice of the supreme court shall be the chancellor of the Kingdom; he shall be ex officio president of the nobles in all cases of impeachment, unless when impeached himself, and shall exercise such jurisdiction in equity or other cases as the law may confer upon him, his decisions being subject, however, to the revision of the supreme court on appeal. Should the chief justice ever be impeached, some person specially commissioned by the King shall be president of the court of impeachment during such trial. ARTICLE 69. The decisions of the supreme court, when made by a majority of the justices thereof, shall be final and conclusive upon all parties. ARTICLE 70. The King, his cabinet, and the legislature shall have authority to require the opinions of the justices of the supreme court, upon important questions of law and upon solemn occasions. ARTICLE 71. The King appoints the justices of the supreme court and all other judges of courts of record. Their salaries are fixed by law. ARTICLE 72. No judge or magistrate shall sit alone on an appeal or new trial in any case on which he may have given a previous judgment. ARTICLE 73. The following persons shall not be permitted to register for voting, to vote, or to hold office under any department of the Government, or to sit in the legislature, namely: Any person who is insane or an idiot, or any person who shall have been convicted of any of the following-named offenses, viz: Arson, barratry, bribery, burglary, counterfeiting, embezzlement, felonious branding of cattle, forgery, gross cheat, incest, kidnaping, larceny, malicious burning, manslaughter in the first degree, murder, perjury, rape, robbery, sodomy, treason, subornation of perjury, and malfeasance in office, unless he shall have been pardoned by the King and restored to his civil rights, and by the express terms of his pardon declared to be eligible to offices of trust, honor, and profit. ARTICLE 74. No officer of this Government shall hold an office or receive any salary from any other Government or power whatever. ARTICLE 75. The legislature votes the appropriations biennially, after due consideration of the revenue and expenditure for the two preceding years and the estimates of the revenue and expenditure of the two succeeding years, which shall be submitted to them by the minister of finance. 255 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. ARTICLE 76. The enacting style in making and passing all acts and laws shall be, "Be it enacted by the King and the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom." ARTICLE 77. To avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same act such things as have no proper relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in its title. ARTICLE 78. Wherever by this constitution any act is to be done or performed by the King or the Sovereign, it shall, unless otherwise expressed, mean that such act shall be done and performed by the Sovereign by and with the advice and consent of the cabinet. ARTICLE 79. All laws now in force in this Kingdom shall continue and remain in full effect until altered or repealed by the legislature, such parts only excepted as are repugnant to this constitution. All laws heretofore enacted, or that may hereafter be enacted, which are contrary to this constitution, shall be null and void. ARTICLE 80. The cabinet shall have power to make and publish all necessary rules and regulations for the holding of any election or elections under this constitution prior to the passage by the legislature of appropriate laws for such purpose, and to provide for administering to officials, subjects, and residents the oath to support this constitution. The first election hereunder shall be held within ninety days after the promulgation of this constitution, and the legislature then elected may be convened at Honolulu upon the call of the cabinet council, in extraordinary session, at such time as the cabinet council may deem necessary, thirty days' notice thereof being previously given. ARTICLE 81. This constitution shall be in force from the 7th day of July, A. D. 1887, but that there may be no failure of justice or inconvenience to the Kingdom from any change, all officers of this Kingdom at the time this constitution shall take effect shall have, hold, and exercise all the power to them granted. Such officers shall take an oath to support this constitution within sixty days after the promulgation thereof. ARTICLE 82. Any amendment or amendments to this constitution may be proposed in the legislature, and if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the members thereof, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on its journal, with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and referred to the next legislature; which proposed amendment or amendments shall be published for three months previous to the next election of representatives and nobles; and if in the next legislature such proposed amendment or amendments shall be agreed to by two-thirds of all the members of the legislature, such amendment or amendments shall become part of the constitution of this Kingdom. KALAKAUA REX. By the King: W. L. GREEN, Minister of Finance. HONOLULU, Oahu, ss: I, Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands, in the presence of Almighty God, do solemnly swear to maintain this constitution whole and inviolate, and to govern in conformity therewith. KALAKAUA REX. Subscribed and sworn to before me this sixth day of July, A. D. 1887. A. F. JUDD, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and Chancellor of the Kingdom. 256 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. (No. 22.) Statistical tabulated statements pertaining to the Hawaiian Islands. A. Census of Hawaii. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1878. 1884. 1890. Regis _____________________________________________________________ ___________ tered voters, Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Female. Total. 1890. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Natives............................................ 44,088........................... 40,014......................... 34,436 8,777 Half-castes...................................... 3,420........................... 4,218........................ 6,186 777 Hawaiian- born for- eigners.......................................... ............................................................................ 7,495 146 American......................................... 1,276........................... 2,066.......................... 1,928 637 British............................................. 883........................... 1,282.......................... 1,344 505 Germans........................................... 272........................... 1,600........................... 1,034 382 French............................................. 81........................... 192........................... 70 22 Portuguese...................................... 436........................... 9,377............................ 8,602 278 Chinese........................................... 5,916 ............................ 17,939.......................... 15,301........... Japanese.................................................................................... 116.......................... 12,360............ Polynesians................................................................................................................ ..... 588 42 All others.......................................................................................................................... 419 136 Total.... 34,403 23,882 57,985 51,529 29,039 80,578 58,714 31,276 89,990 13, 593 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ The estimated population of Hawaii, on July 1, 1892, according to the Hawaiian Annual, was 96,075. ______ B. HAWAIIAN REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. Statement of assessments, real and personal property. _____________________________________________________________ ____________________ Years. Real. Personal. Total. _____________________________________________________________ ____________________ 1882.........................................................................$14,978,547 $16,230,790 $31,209,337 1884.......................................................................... 15,734,564 18,502,132 34,336,132 1886.......................................................................... 15,602,214 19,352,823 34,955,047 1888.......................................................................... 16,730,085 16,477,968 33,208,053 1889.......................................................................... 17,702,939 17,213,527 34,916,466 1890.......................................................................... 18,343,958 17,000,240 35,344,198 _____________________________________________________________ ____________________ The value of real and personal property in the Kingdom for 1891 is estimated at about $39,000,000. The estimated value of Government property of all kinds, including cash in treasury, is $6,189,303. (Consul-General Severance, Con. Repts. No. 142, p. 413.) NOTE BY COMMISSIONERS.--To this amount should be added the value of the Crown lands, which, at a moderate estimate, are worth $2,500,000. 257 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. C. SCHOOL STATISTICS. Hawaiian school attendance. No. of Attendance. Year. schools Boys. Girls. Total. 1888.................................................................................. 189 4,976 3,864 8,770 1890.................................................................................. 178 5,532 4,474 10,006 1892.................................................................................. 168 5,910 4,802 10,712 Classification pf schools. Classification. 1890. 1892. Government native schools: Schools.................................................................................................. 36 28 Teachers................................................................................................ 37 29 Pupils...................................................................................................... 768 552 Government English schools: Schools.................................................................................................... 94 99 Teachers.................................................................................................. 193 221 Pupils....................................................................................................... 6,575 7,148 Independent schools: Schools..................................................................................................... 48 41 Teachers.................................................................................................. 136 142 Pupils....................................................................................................... 2,663 3,012 No. of Pupils at- School Total pop- Year. schools. tending. revenue. ulation. 1887.................................................................... 189 8,770 $203,020 ---------- 1888.................................................................... 189 8,770 $203,022 ---------- 1889.................................................................... 178 10,000 $391,438 ---------- 1890.................................................................... 178 10,006 $391,428 89,990 1891.................................................................... 178 10,000 $326,920 95,805 1892.................................................................... 178 10,000 $326,920 *96,075 *Estimate on July 1, Hawaiian Annual. Nationality of pupils. Nationality. 1880. 1888. 1890. 1892. Hawaiians..................................................................... 5,657 5,320 5,599 5,353 Half-caste Hawaiians.................................................. 955 1,247 1,573 1,866 Americans.................................................................... 247 253 259 371 English.......................................................................... 90 163 139 131 Germans........................................................................ 37 176 199 191 Portuguese.................................................................... 55 1,335 1,813 2,253 Norwegians................................................................... -------- 40 58 71 Chinese.......................................................................... 85 147 262 353 South Sea Islanders..................................................... -------- 16 40 36 Japanese........................................................................ -------- 54 39 60 Other foreigners.......................................................... 38 19 25 21 __________________________________ Total..................................................... 7,164 8,770 10,006 10,712 School attendance is compulsory. F R 91---APP II------17 258 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Nationality of school teachers, 1892. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Nationality. Males. Females. Total. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Hawaiian...................................................................................... 59 20 78 Half-caste..................................................................................... 13 28 41 American..................................................................................... 38 39 77 English......................................................................................... 20 19 39 German......................................................................................... 2 2 4 Others............................................................................................ 2 8 10 ___________________________ Total................................................................................. 134 116 250 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ D. HAWAIIAN PUBLIC-DEBT STATEMENT. [From the Biennial Report of the Minister of Finance to the Legislative Assembly of 1892] On the 31st of March, 1890, the bonded debt was.................................................. $1,934,000.00 Of this there was paid during the period................................................................ 7,800.00 ___________ 1,926,200.00 Borrowed under authority of acts: August 5, 1888..................................................................... $50,000 October 24, 1890.................................................................. 95,000 Postal Savings Bank account........................................... 29,100 October 15, 1886.................................................................. 213,700 ____________ 387,800.00 ____________ Bonded debt March 31, 1892...................................................................... 2,314,000.00 Amount due depositors in Postal Savings Bank March 31, 1892, for which coupon 6 per cent bonds are on de- posit in the Treasury by the Postmaster- General............................................. 903,161,13 ___________ Total bonded debt March 31, 1892............................................................ 3,217,161.13 Detailed statement of bonded debt March 31, 1892. Act of August 5, 1882: Stock A, 6 per cent............................................................... $37,000.00 Stock E, 6 per cent............................................................... 14,500.00 Stock 0, 6 per cent............................................................... 3,300.00 Stock U, 6 per cent............................................................... 25,000.00 _________ 79,800.00 [May be redeemed in 5 years, must be redeemed in 25 years.] Act of October 15, 1886: Loan in London..................................................................... 980,000.00 Stock A, 6 per cent................................................................ 373,000.00 Stock E, 6 per cent................................................................ 142,000.00 Stock U, 6 per cent............................................................... 505,000.00 __________ 2,000,000.00 [May be redeemed in 10 years, must be redeemed in 25 years.] Act of October 15, 1888: Stock U, 6 per cent...................................................................................... 50,000.00 Act of October 15, 18 Stock A, 6 per cent...................................................................................... 95,000.00 [May be redeemed in 5 years; must be redeemed in 10 years.] Postal Savings Bank account: Stock A, 5 per cent................................................................. $18,000.00 Stock E, 5 per cent.................................................................. 9,000.00 Stock O, 5 per cent................................................................. 2,000.00 _________ 29,100.00 [May be redeemed in 5 years; must be redeemed in 20 years.] 259 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Act of September 27, 1876: Stock A, 7 per cent................................................................ $1,000.00 Stock E, 7 per cent................................................................. 500.00 _________ $1,500.00 [Payable at time specified on face, to be not later than 20 years.] Act of June 22, 1868: Stock U, 9 per cent................................................................ 10,000.00 Stock E, 9 per cent................................................................. 2,000.00 Stock O, 9 per cent................................................................. 500.00 __________ 12,500.00 [Stock U falls due during current biennial period; no dates as to balance, but the amount is inconsiderable.] Board of Education: Stock A, 12 per cent............................................................... 15,000.00 Stock E, 12 per cent................................................................ 500.00 Stock I, 12 per cent................................................................ 400.00 Stock O, 12 per cent................................................................ 200.00 Stock U, 12 per cent................................................................ 30,000.00 __________ 46,100.00 _________ 2,314,000.00 Due Postal Savings Bank depositors........................................................................... 903,161.13 __________ 3,217,161.13 [Board of education: Certain lands were originally set apart by the Hawaiian Government for the use of the board of education. These lands were afterward sold, and the amount realized ($40,000) was, by act of the legislature, paid into the public treasury and these bonds issued to the board of education. They may be canceled at any time.] [Postal savings bank: About $200,000 to $300,000 have been withdrawn since the date of the minister's report, about one-half of which has been paid from the general fund in the treasury, and the balance obtained by loans secured by treasury notes of the Hawaiian Government, authorized by an act of August 30, 1892, payable in from three to eighteen months, at 6 per cent.] [The foregoing bonds are all payable in United States gold or its equivalent.] NOTE TO HAWAIIAN DEBT STATEMENT-The matter bracketed [ ] was supplied by the Hawaiian commission. ______ E. SUGAR ESTATES. [Consul-General Severance, March 22, 1892. Consular reports, No. 142, p. 413] The total value of plantations, as taken from the Planter's Monthly, is estimated at $32,347,690, owned as follows: By Americans, $24,735,610, or 74.17 per cent; by British, $6,038,130, or 18.11 per cent; by Germans, $2,008,600, or 6.2 per cent; by Hawaiians, $266,250, or .80 per cent; other nationalities, $299,100, or 0.90 per cent. The average monthly wages of employes in January, 1890, were as follows: Contract laborers, $17,74; skilled laborers, $63.13. The estimated area of land now under cane cultivation, including three new plantations of 3,700 acres, is 67,849 acres, from which the sugar exports reached 2 tons per acre, or 292,083,580 pounds. Owing to the present low prices of sugar, the value of the crops will decrease from the year 1890, while the quantity of sugar exceeds that produced in 1890 by 16,000 tons. 260 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. F. Hawaiian internal taxes for biennial periods, 1882-1891. [Compiled, for the Hawaiian Annual, from finance and board of education reports.] _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Personal Biennial periods. Real estate. property. Pole. Horses. Mules. Dogs. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1882................................................ $187,929 $208,096 $45,998 $42,819 (*) $13,996 1884................................................ 223,100 254,286 52,964 24,975 $1,941 13,924 1886................................................ 227,195 262,307 61,745 (t) 3,303 13,315 1888................................................ 252,362 299,974 63,115 (t) 6,279 11,985 1890................................................ 330,390 329,908 69,116 (t) 3,063 14,100 1891................................................ +358,745 +341,225 78,064 (t) 4,156 13,660 + + _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Biennial periods. Carriages. Seamen. Roads. School. Total. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1882................................................. $7,125 $642 $90,041 $87,322 $683,957 1884................................................. 8,759 402 103,054 100,278 780,674 1886................................................. 10,635 114 118,256 115,298 812,167 1888................................................. 11,835 ................ 120,872 119,565 885,987 1890................................................. 13,940 ................ 132,285 131,160 1,032,963 1891................................................. 14,628 ................ 152,137 151,966 1,114,521 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ *Insurance. t Included in personal property after 1884. +Corrected by the commissioners. + Tax per capita, annual. 1882..................................................................................................................................... .. $5.29 1884..................................................................................................................................... .. 5.07 1886..................................................................................................................................... .. 4.67 1888..................................................................................................................................... .. 5.71 1890..................................................................................................................................... .. 6.23 1891..................................................................................................................................... .. 5.85 _______ G. Hawaiian revenue and expenditures for biennial periods, 1878-1880 to 1890-1892. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Estimated. 1878-1880.1880-1882.1882-1884.1884- 1886.1886-1888.1888-1890.1890-1892. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ REVENUE. Custom-house....... $582,816 $719,245 $944,638 $986,417 $1,204,365 $1,082,766 $1,355,744 Internal commerce. 122,946 141,744 178,149 194,174 226,842 188,642 196,857 Internal taxes........ 465,252 566,615 680,397 696,869 766,422 901,803 963,496 Fines, fees, etc....... 190,265 219,069 233,710 96,490 149,483 608,316 458,623 Government realiza- tion and receipts of bureaus........... 318,527 393,586 374,291 684,749 513,742 33,623 266,600 Government stocks.. 23,900 ............... 668,900 .............. ................ ............... 387,800 Farm loans.............. ............ ............... ............. .............. 1,811,800 34,500 274,761 Postal savings......... ............ ............... ............. .............. 319,932 780,526 13,000 Crown commissions. ............ ............... 12,000 12,000 ................ ............... .............. _____________________________________________________________ __ Total.............1,703,730 2,070,259 3,092,085 3,010,655 4,812,576 3,632,196 3,916,881 ============================================================= =============== EXPENDITURES. Civil list................. 65,500 100,000 148,500 127,931 128,925 76,800 69,710 Permanent settlements.15,075 19,512 20,347 14,028 8,967 4,885 4,685 Legislature and privy council....................... 16,523 19,338 24,942 31,455 60,284 22,767 34,694 Judiciary department.. 79,667 92,874 115,892 129,057 154,566 175,979 177,251 Department of war....... 67,993 ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. ............. Department of foreign affairs....................... 36,850 129,353 252,641 222,678 257,996 156,445 181,400 Department of the interior..................... 656,810 1,204,703 1,824,795 1,162,126 1,528,260 779,111 1,378,885 Department of finance. 260,057 299,436 319,062 566,569 727,264 563,458 695,298 Department of attorney-general....... 123,664 163,527 266,730 279,872 279,819 59,237 391,592 Bureau of public instruction................ 79,605 84,249 91,735 131,693 165,913 197,610 280,269 Board of health............ ............ ............... ............... 241,470 247,907 316,664 329,815 Miscellaneous.............. 93,973 169,608 151,742 *76,821 t1,152,338 155,784 622,292 Contingent................... ............ .............. .................. ............... ................. 15,494 .............. _____________________________________________________________ Total..............1,495,607 2,282,596 3,216,406 3,003,700 4,712,285 2,671,430 4,165,891 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ *Indemnity account for sundry expenses. tIncluding recall and cancellation of bonds, $625,000. 261 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. H. Receipts, expenditures, and public debt of Hawaii. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Expendi- Cash bal- Public Years. Revenues. tures. ance in debt. treasury. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1880........................................................... $1,703,737 $1,495,697 $338,880 $388,900 1882........................................................... 2,070,060 2,282,599 126,541 299,200 1884........................................................... 3,092,085 3,216,406 2,220 898,800 1886........................................................... 3,010,655 3,003,700 9,175 1,065,600 1888........................................................... 4,812,576 4,712,285 109,466 1,936,500 1890........................................................... 3,632,197 3,250,510 491,152 2,509,502 1892........................................................... 4,408,891 4,095,891 *150,000 3,217,161 _____________________________________________________________ __________________ *Estimated by the Commissioners. 262 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. I. IMPORTS BY ARTICLES. Statement showing the imports, in detail, into Hawaii during the years ending with 1891. [From Hawaiian Statistical Report.] Articles. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. Ale, porter,beer, and cider.............$68,183 .......... $63,061 $81,371 $75,984.......... $77,442 $106,679 $98,264 Animal and birds 148,570 .......... 56,746 101,426 74,024.......... 69,986 153,935 119,494 Building and mater ials......................153,104 .......... 56,301 103,951 116,215.......... 100,466 174,763 185,591 Clothing, hats and boots.............427,255 .......... 268,109 302,064 342,947.......... 362,658 407,296 405,712 Coal and coke......... ............. .......... 71,576 98,417 56,887.......... 118,616 15,477 167,872 Crockery adn glassware............ 47,043 .......... 20,458 29,392 49,540.......... 40,968 60,028 46,049 Drugs and drug- gists' wares........ 48,762 .......... 35,917 39,498 42,661.......... 47,929 61,569 63,372 Dry goods: Cottons............. 282,415 .......... 180,430 230,424 229,731.......... 291,209 347,735 293,042 Linens.............. 20,392 .......... 11,778 30,636 23,820.......... 25,147 30,296 33,127 Silks................. 51,496 .......... 26,232 33,753 41,031.......... 37,756 30,992 29,377 Woolens............ 109,472 .......... 48,078 60,898 107,599.......... 72,800 108,840 44,756 Mixed............... 38,129 ........... 16,314 25,709 28,260.......... 27,165 34,021 27,539 Fancy goods, mil-.. linery,etc........... 131,712 ........... 87,467 108,816 102,713.......... 125,688 141,809 148,346 Fertilizers............ ............. ............ 28,140 33,036 41,807........... 103,528 ............ 106,662 salted................. 96,630 ............ 70,977 97,148 96,760 .......... 90,555 105,962 102,074 Flour..................... 167,656 ............ 144,358 150,737 176,863........... 171,968 202,068 273,886 Fruits,fresh.......... 9,315 ............. 13,097 10,955 12,720............ 11,733 12,782 12,602 Furniture.............. 110,808 ............. 60,823 75,341 84,382............ 69,670 106,977 112,611 Grain and seed....... 190,820 ............ 200,448 237,154 289,067............ 245,457 372,265 464,709 Groceries and pro- visions................ 530,817 ............ 398,632 495,447 469,501............ 489,977 594,047 629,356 Guns and gun ma- terial................... 13,739 ............ 10,003 12,523 22,719 ............ 20,395 27,784 10,399 Gunpowder,blast- ing, etc................ 7,100 ............ 3,862 4,075 4 ,778 ............. 4,527 2,688 11,152 Hardware, tools, implements, etc... 347,416 ............ 168,566 248,472 237,943 ........... 282,213 376,156 315,960 Iron, steel, etc........ 62,035 ............. 36,316 43,636 50,583 ........... 43.219 80.465 98.357 Jewelry,plate, clocks,etc............ 80,917 ............. 22,133 28,421 56,801 ........... 48,228 71,566 92,826 Leather................... 51,765 ............ 41,346 47,235 46,897 ........... 41,578 45,092 40,711 Lumber................... 344,169 ............ 196,047 227,825 202,370 ........... 240,001 343,521 296,622 Machinery.............. 296,102 ............. 187,745 238,592 197,951............ 357,466 532,080 854,773 Matches.................. 7,495 ............. 11,053 15,761 13,222............ 12,567 13,452 13,840 Musical instru- ments.................. 17,152 .............. 10,113 5,447 13,428............ 10,324 19,994 13,356 Naval stores........... 80,281 .............. 31,738 45,959 56,149............ 76,559 77,578 84,461 Oils, including kerosene............. 124,535 .............. 66,827 128,702 85,448............ 124,636 140,615 176,346 Paints, paint oil, etc...................... 31,893 .............. 25,658 35,245 44,742............ 35,488 56,819 71,537 Perfumery and toilet articles..... 22,205 ............... 11,501 14,883 17,453.............. 14,184 20,917 25,236 Railroad material... 77,965 ............... 14,446 16,128 7,403............. 110,350 114,617 105,699 Saddlery,carriages, and materials....... 89,729 ............... 49,281 66,619 71,599.............. 65,523 135,621 91,085 Shooks, bags, etc.....122,783 .............. 132,999 151,483 121,142............. 66,078 207,137 157,942 Spirits....................127,495 ............... 93,340 114,101 93,437............. 168,708 118,871 107,750 Stationery and books................... 69,965 ............... 59,365 79,038 74,328............. 74,274 66,891 72,403 Tea......................... 20,587 ............... 17,502 37,392 19,508............. 77,239 24,186 18,459 Tinware.................. 10,356 ............... 4,915 7,545 7,544............. 24,506 9,301 9,270 Tobacco, cigars, etc.......................159,183 .............. 132,004 162,221 134,921........... 153,482 184,987 207,506 Wines, light............ 23,707 .............. 20,535 55,323 78,670............ 82,580 101,332 121,261 Total. 5,624,240 4,854,787 3,830,545 4,877,739 4,596,534 4540,887 5,438,791 6,962,2017,439,483 263 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. J. EXPORTS BY ARTICLES. Statement showing the principal exports from the Hawaiian Islands. QUANTITIES. Articles 1882. 1883 1884. 1885. 1886. Sugar...............pounds.. 144,177,93 114,107,155 142.644.923 171,350,314 216,223,615 Molasses..........gallons.. 221,203 193,997 110.530 57,941 113,137 Rice.................pounds.. 12,169,475 11,619,000 9.493.000 7,367,253 7,338,716 Paddy........pounds.. 459,633 1,368,705 46,224 .................... ..................... Coffee..............pounds.. 8,131 16,057 4,231 1,675 5,931 Hides..............number.. 26,007 38,955 21,026 19,045 31,207 Tallow.............pounds.. 77,098 32,252 2,864 ..................... 21,305 Goatskins........number.. 23,402 24,798 20,125 19,782 21,173 Wool................pounds.. 528,913 318,271 407,623 474,121 418,784 Fungus............pounds.. 2,111 3,783 465 ..................... ..................... Bananas.........bunches.. 28,848 44,902 60,146 58,040 45,862 ============================================================= ================================== Articles. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. Sugar...............pounds.. 212,763,647 235,888,346 424,165,835 259,768,462 274,983,580 Molasses..........gallons.. 71,222 47,965 54,612 74,926 55,845 Rice.................pounds.. 13,684,200 12,878,600 9,669,896 10,579,000 4,900,450 Paddy........pounds.. 400 .................... .................... ..................... ..................... Coffee..............pounds.. 5,300 7,130 43,673 88,593 3,051 Hides..............number.. 28,639 24,494 27,158 28,196 26,057 Tallow.............pounds.. 56,713 204,494 97,125 33,876 27,925 Goatskins........number.. 16,223 17,589 11,715 8,661 7,316 Wool................pounds.. 75,911 562,289 241,925 374,724 97,119 Fungus............pounds.. .................... .................... ..................... ..................... .................... Bananas.........bunches.. 58,936 71,335 105,630 97,204 116,660 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ VALUE. Articles 1882. 1883 1884. 1885. 1886. Sugar................................. ..................... ..................... .................... $8,356,061 $9,775,132 Molasses........................... ..................... ..................... .................... 7,050 14,502 Rice................................... ..................... ..................... .................... 387,297 326.629 Paddy.......................... ..................... ..................... .................... ................... ..................... Coffee................................ ..................... ..................... .................... 283 1,067 Hides................................ ..................... ..................... .................... 71,533 111,911 Tallow............................... ..................... ..................... .................... .................... 1,011 Goatskins......................... ..................... ..................... .................... 15,023 12,644 Wool.................................. ..................... ..................... .................... 49,574 37,700 Fungus............................. ..................... ..................... .................... ................... ..................... Bananas........................... ..................... ..................... .................... 58,810 43,824 All other......................... ..................... ..................... .................... ................... ..................... ________________________________________________________ __ Total...................... $6,885,437 $7,924,727 $7,977,909 $9,158,818 $10,565,886 ============================================================= ================================== Articles. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. Sugar.............................. $8,694,964 $10,818,883 $13,089,302 $12,159,285 $9,550,938 Molasses.......................... 10,522 5,900 6,185 7,603 4,721 Rice................................ 554,295 577,583 451,134 545,240 263,455 Paddy........................ .................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... Coffee.............................. 972 1,698 8,626 14,737 1,018 Hides.............................. 96,851 85,853 72,974 70,949 64,032 Tallow............................. 1,121 7,507 4,214 1,140 731 Goatskins........................ 7,358 8,877 5,461 3,182 3,212 Wool............................... 7,010 41,084 23,875 35,396 8,000 Fungus............................ .................... .................... ..................... ..................... .................... Bananas......................... 54,708 69,249 135,278 176,351 179,501 All others...................... .................... .................... ..................... ..................... .................... ________________________________________________________ __ Total...................... 9,435,204 11,631,465 13,810,071 13,023,304 10,244,325 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 264 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. K. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BY COUNTRIES. Statement showing the value of imports into and exports from Hawaii, from and to the several countries. From and to. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. IMPORTS INTO HAWAII. United States $2,833,127 $2,940,837$3,724,006$3,059,157$3,344,661$4,302,995$5,264,692$6, 495,608 Great Britain 715,532 556,966 551,711 ,660,641 652,171 674,832 1,204,022 *384,146 Germany 197,531 155,893 144,207 182,343 182,929 90,747 147,288 227,392 Australasia 29,375 16,803 29,352 157,871 110,924 116,192 142,494 185,156 China and Japan 178,162 118,864 257,913 258,885 119,616 200,926 313,607 287,956 France 21,121 14,384 11,495 11,605 10,292 4,781 7,803 21,666 All other countries......... ............... ................. ................. ................ .................. .................. ............... _____________________________________________________________ ___________ Total 4,637,514 3,830,544 4,877,738 4,943,841 4,540,857 5,438,791 6,962,901 7,439,483 ======================================================== ================================= EXPORTS FROM HAWAII. United States ................. 8,933,206 10,412,827................. ................. 13,840,523 13,073,477 10,196,278 Great Britain ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. Germany ................. ................. 12,209 ................. ................. ................. ................. 10,170 Australasia ................. 17,258 3,322 ................. ................. 5,813 18,110 4,038 China and Japan .............. 15,454 3,198 ................. ................. 11,905 12,536 34,651 Islands in Pacific.............. ................ ................. ................. ................. 9,684 30,769 14,153 All other places ................. ................ ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. Total 8,184,923 , 9,069,318 10,565,886 9,529,547 11,707,599 13,874,341 13,142,829 10,258,788 _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________ Total value of exports for 1883 was $8,133,344. L. Annual value of Hawaiian imports and exports. Years. Imports. Exports.t Imports and Customs exports receipts. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1882........................................... $4,547,979 $6,885,437 $11,433,416 $505,391 1883........................................... 5,624,240 7,924,727 13,548,967 577,343 1884........................................... 4,854,787 7,977,909 12,832,696 551,737 1885........................................... 3,830,545 9,158,818 12,989,363 502,337 1886........................................... 4,877,739 10,565,886 15,443,625 580,444 1887........................................... 4,596,834 9,435,204 14,032,038 595,003 1888........................................... 4,540,887 11,631,465 16,172,352 546,143 1889........................................... 5,438,791 13,810,071 19,248,862 550,010 1890........................................... 6,962,241 13,023,304 19,985,505 695,957 1891........................................... 7,439,483 10,244,325 17,683,808 732,595 ____________________________________________________ Total............................. 52,713,486 100,657,146 153,370,632 5,836,960 _____________________________________________________________ __________________ *As given in the Hawaiian customs returns. The Hawaiian Annual gives the following figures:From the United States, $5,594,278,.57; from Great Britain, $1,201,329.43. The total imports agree in both publications. The commission consider, in this particular, that the Hawaiian annual is correct. tDomestic exports only. 265 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. M. NATIONALITY OF SHIPPING. Statement showing the nationality of vessels engaged in the foreign carrying trade of Hawaii. CLEARANCES. Nationality. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. American 179 103,591 195 117,952 191 135,618 184 131,011 220 128,224 Hawaiian 19 5,613 23 7,867 29 41,398 18 6,982 29 40,242 British 44 56,025 42 53,310 11 3,672 30 38,749 38 30,435 German 11 5,716 6 4,882 4 2,959 5 2,377 8 5,581 French 1 244 ....... ............. 4 3,225 2 720 ....... ............. All other 4 1,430 1 1,305 2 954 4 3,817 7 6,206 ________________________________________________________ _________ Total 258 172,619 267 185,316 241 187,826 243 183,656 302 219,688 ============================================================= ========================================= Nationality. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. American 177 120,108 164 113,069 185 125,196 224 153,098 233 169,472 Hawaiian 43 61,398 43 65,115 44 56,670 35 43,641 21 26,869 British 18 19,869 24 28,715 22 21,108 16 22,912 33 52,866 German 6 4,628 8 6,385 5 3,337 9 7,070 9 9,005 French ....... ............. ....... ............. ....... ............. ....... ............. ....... ............. All other 8 6,486 8 6,892 13 12,268 9 9,980 15 16,640 ________________________________________________________ _________ Total 252 212,489 247 222,216 269 218,579 293 236,701 311 274,853 _____________________________________________________________ ________________________ House Ex. Doc. 48, Fifty-third Congress, second session. ___________ M E S S A G E FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING A report of the Secretary of State, with copies of the instructions given to Mr. Albert S. Willis, the representative of the United States now in the Hawaiian Islands, and also the correspondence since March 4, 1889, concerning the relations of this Government to those islands. ____________ DECEMBER 18, 1893.--Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed. _______________ To the House of Representatives: In compliance with a resolution passed by your honorable body on the 13th instant, I hereby transmit a report of the Secretary of State, with copies of the instructions given to Mr. Albert S. Willis, the representative of the United States now in the Hawaiian Islands, and also the correspondence since the 4th day of March, 1889, concerning the relations of this Government to those islands. In making this communication, I have withheld only a dispatch from the former minister to Hawaii numbered 70, under date of October 8, 1892, and a dispatch from the present minister, numbered 3, under date of November 16, 1893, because, in my opinion, the publication of these two papers would be incompatible with the public interest. GROVER CLEVELAND. EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, December 18, 1893. ________ THE PRESIDENT: The Secretary of State, to whom was referred a resolution adopted by the House of Representatives on the 13th instant, requesting the President to communicate to that House-- if not inconsistent with the public interest, copies of the instructions given to the representative of the United states now in the Hawaiian Islands in regard to the protection of the lives and property of American citizens there, or any contemplated change in the form of government, and all correspondence since the fourth day of March, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine in regard to Hawaii, not already transmitted to Congress; 267 268 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. has the honor to lay before the President, with a view to his determination touching their transmission to the House of Representatives in response to that resolution, copies of the correspondence called for. In order that nothing might be omitted that may be deemed to come within the purview of the resolution, the Secretary of State has endeavored to include all correspondence of a political character concerning the Hawaiian Islands. It has seemed advisable in so doing to incorporate also sundry papers within the specified period which have been heretofore communicated to both House of Congress, together with the correspondence of the described character communicated to the Senate in February and March last, and printed by order of that body, to the end that the present collection may fairly respond to the request of the House of Representatives. Respectfully submitted. W. Q. GRESHAM. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, December 18, 1893. _______ LIST OF PAPERS. _______ Mr. Merrill to Mr. Blaine, No. 239, May 1, 1889. Same to same, No. 241, May 8, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Merrill, No. 127, May 27, 1889. Same to same, No. 128, May 31, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Merrill, No. 131, June 20, 1889. Same to same, No. 132, June 27, 1889. Mr. Merrill to Mr. Blaine, No. 249, July 9, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 1, July 12, 1889. Mr. Merrill to Mr. Blaine, No. 253, July 26, 1889. Same to same, No. 254, July 29. 1889. Same to same, No. 255. August 1, 1889. Same to same, telegram, August 2, 1889. Same to same, No. 257, August 6, 1889. Mr. Moore to Merrill, No. 136, August 12, 1889. Mr. Wharton to Merrill, No. 137, August 22, 1889. Same to same, No. 138, August 23, 1889. Mr. Merrill to mr. Blaine, No. 260, August 29, 1889. Same to same, No. 262, September 7, 1889. Mr. Adee to Mr. Merrill, No. 139, September 10, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 2 bis, September 25, 1889. Same to same, No. 3, October 7, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 5, October 16, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 6, October 17, 1889. Same to same, No. 7, October 18, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 5, October 16, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 6, October 17, 1889. Same to same, No. 7, October 18, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 6, October 31, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 7, November 4, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No.10, November 4, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 8, November 6, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 11, November 14, 1889. Mr. Adee to Mr. Stevens, No. 11, November 16, 1889. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 12, December 3, 1889. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 17, February 7, 1890. Same to same, No. 18, February 10, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 17, March 4, 1890. Same to same, No. 19, March 6, 1890. 269 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 20, March 20, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 22, April 7, 1890. Same to same, No. 24, April 24, 1890. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 24, May 20, 1890. Same to same, No. 25, May 28, 1890. Same to same, No. 26, June 9, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 27, June 14, 1890. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 27, June 26, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No 29, July 3, 1890. Mr. Adee to Mr. Stevens, No. 31, July 14, 1890. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens, No. 2, August 16, 1890. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 30, August 19, 1890. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens, No. 4, September 10, 1890. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 2, September 17, 1890. Same to same, No. 3, September 25, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 8, October 15, 1890. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 7, October 22, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 9, November 14, 1890. Same to same, No. 9, Nov. 20, 1890. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 11, December 5, 1890. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 16, February 5, 1891. Same to same, No. 18, February 9, 1891. Same to same, No. 19, February 16, 1891. Same to same, No. 20, February 22, 1891. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 15, February 28, 1891. Same to same, No. 16, March 2, 1891. Same to same, No. 19, March 10, 1891. Same to same, No. 20, March 14, 1891. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 21, March 26, 1891. Same to same, No. 23, April 4, 1891. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Wharton, No. 28, July 23, 1891. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 30, August 20, 1891. Same to same, No. 31, September 3, 1891. Same to same , No 32, September 5, 1891. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens, No. 28, September 9, 1891. Same to same, No. 30, September 22, 1891. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 34, October 15, 1891. Same to same, No. 46, February 8, 1892. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens, No. 39, March 3, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 48, March 8, 1892. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens. No. 41, March 19, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 50, March 19, 1892. Same to same, No. 52, April 2, 1892. Mr. Blaine to Mr. Stevens, No. 46, April 12, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 56, May 21, 1892. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens, No. 50, June 7, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Wharton, No.57, June 11, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 64, September 9, 1892. Same to same, No. 65, September 14, 1892. Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens, No. 57, September 29, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 71, October 19, 1892. Mr. Wharton to Mr. Stevens, No. 59, October 26, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 72, October 31, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 61, November 5, 1892. Same to same, No. 62, November 8, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 73, November 8, 1892. Same to same, No. 74, November 20, 1892. Same to same, No. 75, November 28, 1892. Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens, No. 65, December 1, 1892. Same to same, No. 67, December 23, 1892. Same to same, No. 68, December 23, 1892. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Mr. Foster, telegram, January 18, 1893. Same to same, No. 79, January 18, 1893. Same to same, No. 80, January 19, 1893. Same to same, No. 81, January 26, 1893. Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens, telegram, January 28, 1893. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, telegram, February 1, 1893. Mr. Foster to Mr. Stevens, No. 70, February 1, 1893. Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 82, February 1, 1893. 270